1 Introduction

In China, the leisure tourism started late and began with tourist attractions which were approved by the government after the policy of "the reform and opening-up" was implemented. Due to the relaxed lifestyle of citizens and surrounding leisurely atmosphere, Hangzhou and Chengdu in China are gradually stepping into the flourishing development. However, there still exists a great gap compared with the developed countries. The function of leisure tourism on the increase of domestic demand and the adjustment of industrial structure will be improved while it promotes economic growth. It is estimated that by 2020, China will become the largest tourist destination and the fourth largest source of tourist output in the world.

Leisure tourism has become a current topic of academics, but the definition of leisure tourism that confined by scholars is different. According to the results from comparative analysis of leisure tourism, vacation tour and sightseeing tour, Chen Yongchang thought that leisure tourism is more comfortable and richer than vacation tour and sightseeing tour. Such tourism aims at enjoyment and entertainment[2]. Huang Zhenfang[1] held that leisure travel seems like traveling mode that travelers can use spare time to enrich their entertainment, vacation, fitness and other activities in the surrounding area. By these activities, not only the tourists can delight their emotion and relaxing but also can realize their self demand. Generally, leisure tourism is seen as a higher level of tourism, which refers to a kind of activity that utilizes spare time to make a travel and then people are liberated physically and mentally. Some scholars take a specific city as an example to study the development mode of leisure tourism. Zhang Hongmiao combined the overview of leisure tourism resources in Qing Island and propose their project of development suggestions and development strategies[4]. Chu Yunling focused on how to use the "Internet Plus" model to promote the sustainable development of leisure agriculture in Hainan[5]. They put forward effective marketing strategies of the tourism network. Also, there are some scholars analyzing this issue from several respects as follows: resources exploitation, market challenges, consuming motivation and traveling demand.

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以片植、孤植和绿篱三种方式栽植：一是片植，选择苗木高度0.5-1.0m，冠幅0.3-0.5m，株行距0.6m×0.5m；二是孤植，选择苗木高度1.2-1.5m，冠幅0.5-1.0m；三是绿篱方式，选择苗木高度0.5-1.0m，冠幅0.3-0.5m,单排栽植，行距0.2m。

In this study, we first made an overview of Yichang’s resources and the development of leisure tourism in Yichang. On the basis of current situation of leisure tourism development, we came up with pertinent solutions to existing problems that were found during the development of leisure tourism, in the hope of providing some theoretical evidence for further study in the future.

2 Present situation of the leisure tourism in Yichang

2.1 Situation of resources Yichang has beautiful scenery, pleasant climate, long history and culture, and rich tourist resources. By the end of 2015, Yichang has more than 700 tourism resources of all kinds and 39 tourist attractions of Grade A, including 4 of Class 5A Tourist Attraction, 10 of Class 4A and 15 of Class 3A, among which the Three Gorges Dam and Gezhouba project are famous hydropower stations and other scenic spots such as Qingjiang Gallery, Three Gorges, Quyuan hometown and other scenic spots well-known in the whole country. The types of leisure tourism in Yichang are mainly divided into 4 types: folk culture, physical fitness, ecological leisure and theme parks.

4.1 Improving leisure tourism projects, highlighting the local cultural characteristics Qu Yuan and Zhaojun Wang, as historical figures, are rare and precious resources, of which the historical figures are wonderful and attractive. Through leisure travel, their stories can be understood by tourists, so as to help them study historical figures. This method not only shows visitors historical and cultural achievements, but also makes tourists understand the historic celebrities in Yichang. The culture of tourist attractions should make rational use of the local tourism resources and pay attention to the historical and cultural traditions, explore folk customs activities, take the road of differentiation and characteristic development, form the cultural and tourism industry cluster effect, and enhance the local competitive edge.

3.2 The improvement of infrastructure construction, the protection of environment and the reinforcement of rectifications Just around February 2017, a foreign tourist who visited the scenic area of Three Visitors’ Cave complained to the relevant department of Yichang, "As a 4A Tourist Attraction in China, the problem of sanitation was serious and the infrastructure was not pleasant." Municipal supervision over the various scenic spots and urban sanitation rapidly checked and found that there are severe problems surrounding many A-class Tourist Spots, such as garbage leakage, bare wires, lower price of admission and defamation of scenic spots.

Table 1 Tourism income of Yichang in 2010-2015

Year201020112012201320142015GDP∥108yuan1547．322140．692508．892818．073132．213384．80Tourismincome∥108yuan104．04141．28200．38260．12366．17450．36Tourismincome/GDP∥%6．706．608．009．2011．7013．30Receptionofdomestictourists∥1051519．001905．402606．443286．034049．434692．83

Note: data were selected from the State Statistics Bureau.

Fig.1 Tourism income of Yichang in 2010-2015

Since the open of the Han-Yi Railway (Hankou-Yichang Railway) in 2012, travel time to every region of Yichang has been greatly shortened, attracting more tourists to travel to Yichang. However, the capacity of the leisure tourism service shows an unprecedented challenge. During the Golden Week in 2012, when the Mid-Autumn Festival coincided with the National Day, the scenic spots of the Three Gorges Dam were crowded with people. Comparing with previous years, the scenic spot has received 11.35 million people in just four days, surpassing the previous record of 110 000 in 2011. Furthermore, the number of self-driving tourists has also risen sharply. Even more than 2 000 temporary parking spaces was completely stopped, the free-parking of vehicles seriously disturbed the traffic order. Leisure tourism aims to make tourists relax and enjoy a pleasant holiday during their spare time, but the excessive concentration of holiday time just made tourists disappointed.

3.1 The lower end and homogeneity of leisure tourism products and tourism projects Although Yichang has quite rich natural resources, it is lack of cultural integration because of insufficient exploitation. The data shows that the traditional tourism products in Yichang account for 81% of the whole tourist market and the tourism products, such as ecology, leisure and sports are still less than 19% of the market. Since many leisure tourism projects are developed by local farmers, the overall quality is rather lower and the service awareness is not in place and the management is the crux of the problem.

3 Main problems of Yichang in developing the leisure tourism

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3.3 Conflicts between overconcentrated demand and supply

2.2 Development situation In recent years, with the faster development of primary transaction in Yichang, the tourism resources of Yichang have formed an interconnected whole. In order to enrich this whole and meet the demands of industrialization, the input of capital and manpower for leisure tourism has been increased considerately. In 2007, for facilitating the development of tourism in Yichang, "Big Four Points" is issued: entertainment along Yangtze River, local features of Qing River, adventures of Three Kingdoms Period, and sightseeing around Yichang City . These four themes are created based on the document of ThePlanofInternationalTourismofYangtzeRiverandThreeGorgesinHubeiProvince, with considering the crucial spots of towns in Yichang.

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Since 2000, Yichang has ascended into the ranks of excellent tourist cities in China. It has become a key tourist city in China and gradually developed to a famous tourist city in China (as indicated in Table 1 and Fig.1). With years of development, the total tourism income and the number of domestic tourists in Yichang have been increasing year by year, but the proportion of the total tourism income in the total output value is relatively low. In recent years, although the proportion of leisure tourism has risen sharply, the tourism form of Yichang is mainly tourist sightseeing. Most travelers increasingly prefer to choose day trips, resulting in the vast majority of travel income coming from attraction tickets.

4 Development paths for the leisure tourism in Yichang

此外，我国疆土东西跨度大，南北迥异，地质条件复杂多变，且不同的地质构造单元中地壳物质组成差异较大，导致不同的城市地下管线铺设方法差异较大，铺设深度和管线材质选用方面，都使得在探测过程中应该根据管线材质及用途来选择(表1)。因此，在不同的城市探测地下管线时，应结合当地地下管线的材质的探测技术，才能取得较好探测结果。

4.2 Strengthening the infrastructure construction and environmental protection The construction of leisure tourism facilities in Yichang needs to be further strengthened, because it is not up to the related standard in terms of quantity and demands. At the peak of tourism, the tourist attractions are obvious lack of infrastructure. In response to the above problems, more efforts should be made to solve the traffic problems, water supply and power supply, garbage, sewage treatment, accommodation conditions, health and safety equipment and other hardware equipment in tourism attractions. According to the mass demand of tourists,

proper entertainment facilities or fitness facilities should be developed at the same pace. In the development of tourism resources, it is also required to pay attention to protecting water resources and forest resources from pollution, like elimination of man-made pollution and damage. By strengthening publicity of energy-saving and building environment-friendly facilities, it is expected to promote harmonious development of man and nature through the development of leisure tourism.

4.3 Implementing staggered shifts to alleviate the traffic pressure As soon as the Golden Week and the official holidays, there is a grand occasion for people’s traveling. This is extremely unhealthy tourism ecology. The administrative costs of the scenic spots not only rise sharply, but also the public’s comfort level will be greatly reduced. Staggering the peak of tourism, diverting outbound tourists and relieving pressure on the scenic spots will not only reduce the need for excessive tourism during Golden Week and officia holidays, but also be conducive to the protection of the ecological environment. It is recommended to avoid the peak tourist season, and travel in dull season at a lower price, then scenic areas can provide better services.

5 Conclusions

In recent years, Yichang has relied on folk culture, made full use of high-quality cultural and natural resources, promoted the great development of leisure agriculture, and achieved remarkable results in promoting the integration of agriculture with travel. Yichang has become a new highlight in the transformation and upgrading of agriculture and the construction of new countryside in Yichang. According to the data, as of December 2016, Yichang City has 3 600 recreational agricultural operation sites, including 310 country farm houses, 240 leisure farms, 170 agricultural sightseeing and picking parks and 90 agricultural science and technology demonstration parks, bringing in more than 50 000 jobs. The average annual increase of more than 20 000 yuan practitioners, leisure tourism has become a "sunrise industry" for increase of farmers’ income. In terms of the overall development of leisure tourism in Yichang city, it can integrate and develop leisure tourism resources, but this still stays at a primary stage. In addition, the leisure tourism in Yichang is faced with the problems of homogeneity of tourism products, poor infrastructure construction and environmental sanitation. Therefore, we propose of improving the leisure tourism projects, making it local, strengthening infrastructure construction and environmental protection, encouraging tourists not to travel in peak season, alleviating the traffic pressure, and further promoting the development of leisure tourism industry in Yichang.

References

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