Chinese doctors help to make up the shortfall of qualified personnel in Kenya’s health sector

多模态隐喻观认为隐喻不只存在于语言中，还存在于其他媒介中，如声音、音乐、色彩、线条等。“多模态隐喻”是指用两种或两种以上模态来体现源域和目标域映射隐喻现象(Forceville＆Urios－Aparisi，2009)。多模态研究主要探讨多种媒介下的图像、音乐等非语言符号在表达意义时的互补性及规律性特征，探讨模态和媒体的关系，以及第二外语课堂中多模态视觉和言语的协同性(Barthes 1977;Kress＆Van Leeuwen 2001;Royce 2002)。

Jane Nekesa, 41, has been married for 11 years and despite several attempts to have children, she has been unsuccessful. Nekesa has had four miscarriages in recent times and two still births and points to the poor state of the health sector as being responsible for her misfortune. As an example, she told ChinAfrica,“My first two pregnancies were miscarriages that could have been avoided had I visited more experienced doctors.” She is still haunted by the poor medical care and negligence by those Kenyan medical staffover the years.

Nekesa said she welcomes the recent announcement by the Kenyan Government to hire 200 Chinese doctors as part of a larger number in the future to address the country’s health sector challenges,and still dreams of having a child.

The government’s move was motivated by the increasing cases of deaths caused by professional misconduct among doctors, according to her.

Of the annual deaths in Kenya’s health sector are preventable and are due to medical negligence.

19世纪德国著名的民主主义教育家第斯多惠曾说过：“教育的艺术不在于传授本领，而在善于激励、唤醒和鼓舞。一个坏的教师奉送真理，一个好的教师则教人发现真理。”我坚信，在“新课标、新理念”的指导下，我们不断地学习、领悟课标内涵，在教学实践中不断反思，一定能为实现《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要（2010—2020年）》强调的“促进德育、智育、体育、美育有机融合，提高学生综合素质，使学生成为德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人”这宏伟而远大的教学目标添上一道美丽的彩虹。因此，只有领悟“新课标”对教学的要求，才能开辟出那片属于孩子们理想中的绿洲，彰显真语文。

“the government is taking radical measures to reform the health sector. We plan to hire 200 chinese doctors who will begin immediate work this may.”

miscarriages take place in Africa annually,according to the World Health Organization.

Healthcare sector challenges

Each year, about 4.2 million miscarriages take place in Africa, according to the World Health Organization(WHO). One in four Kenyan women will experience at least one miscarriage in their lifetime, the WHO further estimates.

我们高中生在学习数学函数时要注意知识主要分四个阶段.首先，第一个阶段是在课堂，我们在教师的引导和指导下已经接受了初步的函数知识，从课本中获得并掌握了一些简单函数的表示法、性质、图象，这是基本的学习内容；其次，是函数学习的第二个阶段，要涉及函数知识的再认识，就是在课下对函数知识进行理解和深化，严格按照教师的教学对函数的课后习题分析和探究，从解答过程中完成对函数知识的学习和理解.第三个阶段就是对函数及其应用研究的深化和提高，不断地总结学习经验和做题笔记，从数学规律中发现函数的学习特点，增强学习的自信心和提高对数学函数知识的运用能力.

Kenya’s Cabinet Secretary for Health Cecily Kariuki con firmed at a workshop organized by the WHO to commemorate World Health Day in Nairobi that the first batch of 200 Chinese doctors would begin work in May 2018. A total of 5,000 doctors will be hired over a five-year period.

就传统建筑项目而言，不仅价格昂贵，而且大部分建筑材料也会造成环境污染，给生活环境造成毒害，危害人类健康。从环保的角度来看，绿色节能材料能够很好地解决这些问题。对人体无害，让用户更自信地生活，极大地增强了建筑的绿色环保性。从而为人们打造了更加舒适的居住环境，建设过程中的污染问题也得到了解决。

“The government is taking radical measures to reform the health sector. We plan to hire 200 Chinese doctors who will begin immediate work this May,” she said. “In addition, 4,800 doctors [are] to be hired within a five-year period. Eightyone percent of the annual deaths that occur in Kenya annually are preventable and are due to medical negligence.”

如图5所示，当故障发生在区段Z6，FI1、FI2、FI3、FI5均正常上报故障信息，故障指示器FI4漏报故障信息，其他故障指示器也无故障信息上报。仍设每个区段发生故障的概率一样，λ取0.95，δ取0.1。

Kariuki said that each of Kenya’s 47 counties will be allocated over 100 Chinese doctors in this five-year period. The government’s new initiative also includes hiring 94 Cuban doctors.

Among the most widely publicized cases of medical negligence is a brain surgery being performed on the wrong patient. This happened at the Kenyatta National Hospital,the country’s largest referral hospital. The hospital was found guilty and ordered by the Kenya Medical Practitioners Pharmacists and Dentists Union (KMPPDU) to negotiate an out-of-court settlement for compensation to the victim and his family.

81%

4.2 million

Getting the balance right

Kariuki said that Kenya and China are set to sign a bilateral agreement on health. This agreement will increase the number of Kenyan students who will get to study medicine in Chinese universities each year. It will also encourage medical school exchange programs between both countries.

China will also build a state-ofthe-art medical school in Kenya as part of the agreement.

杨志宏和邱凯认为英国政府与社会资本的合作模式有以下三种：一是由政府设立金融投资公司，金融投资公司通过评估对企业在各个不同阶段都提供资金支持；二是设立专项优惠贷款，英国政府各部门会同主要银行等投资机构，设立各项企业发展的专项优惠贷款；三是设立基金项目，为企业提供贷款担保［8］。

While people like Nekesa and the general public welcome the hiring of Chinese doctors to provide better medical service, some opposition from medical associations does exist.

“You are growing the economies of other countries considering we already have 3,000 unemployed doctors in Kenya and most of them are straight out of medical school,”said Ouma Oluga, Secretary General of the KMPPDU.

Oluga argues that it does not make sense to hire foreign labor while there is enough human capital in the country. “We just need to improve the quality of training in our medical school,” he said.

But Daniel Yumbya, who heads the KMPPDU, the government agency that governs the conduct of medical practitioners, disagrees with Oluga.

我被栽植在主楼左侧的花园里，工人们早就掘好了树坑，内部填充了肥沃的黑土，看样子，这个树坑虚位以待好久了，怪不得胡马强花了这么大的价钱把我买来，看来我要成为他的镇宅之树了。

涂料生产过程中VOCs的产生量取决于溶剂种类、生产设备和生产工艺等。一般而言，涂料生产过程中低沸点溶剂的用量越多，涂料生产过程为开放式、生产温度较高、生产时间越长，并且因生产自动化程度低而需要频繁清洗设备，那么VOCs的产生量就越多。

“Firstly, the training in Kenyan medical schools is shoddy. That is why there are many unemployed doctors. We, as a board, are highly worried about the high cases of negligence in our medical facilities,” he said.

文中的三阶段博弈是基于古诺模型建立的，续航里程研发量不影响反市场需求函数，是隐含条件，但是在实践中，有些汽车品类的续航研发量会对消费者需求产生一定的影响，这类问题还需在下一阶段进行深入研究；另外本文仅研究两个新能源汽车企业开展联合研发的情况，更加复杂的市场网络在新政策下的研发动向也是值得继续研究的方向。

CECILY KARIUKI Kenya’s Cabinet Secretary for Health

The shortage of doctors is put into stark reality when considering that the WHO recommends one doctor per 1,000 population, yet in Kenya, only one doctor is available per 17,000 population.

The increasing number of untrained medical personnel doing work they are not legally mandated to do is also attributed to the shortage of specialized doctors.

1

Doctor is available per 17,000 people in Kenya.

5,000

Foreign doctors will be hired in Kenya over a five-year period.

“Most incidences of medical malpractice go unreported, so it is difficult for me to give you real figures. What we have is just a meager number. But most incidences involve mothers giving birth,”Yumbya con firmed.

Yumbya welcomes the government move to hire Chinese doctors.He says it will reduce negligence that causes preventable deaths and diseases.

“China is known to have the best professionals in the world. So the move is long overdue,” he said.

According to many different reports worldwide, many medical conditions can be reversed if people had access to good medical care.

“The more competent doctors are in the country, the less costs will be for the government on healthcare.It will also improve the economy as people will be more healthy and able to be productive,” said Njoroge Njuguna, 23, an economics student at the University of Nairobi.

The government also hopes that labor strikes experienced by medical professionals will be a thing of the past by its decision to hire Chinese doctors.

Kenya’s hospitals were left stranded in December 2017 when up to 5,000 doctors walked out in protest of poor working conditions,being underfunded and the need to hire thousands of new doctors. ca