(1)Ethical reflection on Doctrine of the Mean

在GPS房产测绘信息系统运行过程中，图文一体化管理一直是其中比较重要功能，该功能是在GPS技术的支持下，结合互联网技术有效将房产资源的图片与文字进行结合，以图文并茂的方式更好地呈现在人们眼前，提升对房产信息的观看效果。但是，在建立图文一体化管理体系的过程中，由于房产测绘包含的信息量庞大，数据比较复杂，还存在一定的困难。因此，在GPS房产测绘信息系统中建立图文一体化管理体系，还需解决信息收集、信息分析以及信息之间的内在联系等多方面的问题。

REN Chou ·5·

Despite its seemingly strong advocacy of moderation and rejection of extremes, Doctrine of the Mean upholds the principle that difference comes before equality and may land people with a difficult situation of “hurting each other”. In view of this, the neo-doctrine of mean argues for the proposition that equality comes before difference and thus the ethics of “no hurting”, which is a basic moral values for individuals as well as an ideal of social justice.

但各项医疗服务流程增值能力不等，对医院实现卓越运营差异显著，四个维度如何平衡？恩泽集团梳理医疗服务关键过程，考虑患者、员工、政府等相关方需求，确定关键过程及结果绩效指标共80余项。

(2)Xixin thoughts of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty

LUO Gao-qiang ·14·

There was an abundance of Constitutional safeguards in ancient China. Among them, “the faith of swear” was the most distinctive one. Swearing was a special political norm in the Chinese traditional political philosophy in that politicians felt obliged to fulfill the promises they made. Its prevalence resulted not simply from the ignorance of the ancient Chinese, but from an unquestioning faith in the power of swearing. A study of swearing helps understand and improve the Constitutional oath in China Today.

(13)A CFPS2012-based study of family ageing, consumption structure and consumption stratification

生姜皮 生姜皮为生姜的外皮，辛凉力缓，和脾利水，善治水肿、小便不利，常配茯苓皮、桑白皮、大腹皮等治各种水肿，起利水消肿作用。

(3)Value pluralism and value relativism

LIU Xiao-zhou ·22·

(6)A research on the deviation from goal of farmers’ fund cooperative from the perspective of social capital

(4)Ceremonial rites without body: rites philosophy in the pre-Qin period

LIU Feng ·31·

Among the propositions of “music without sound, ceremonial rites with body, and funeral without mourning clothes” in Confucius in Leisure Time, a chapter in the Book of Rites, “ceremonial rites with body” is the most important one. Confucius in his later life opposed ceremonial rites. Advocates of rites were also disproved by most Confucian scholars. As a key link in the history of Confucianism rites philosophy, “Ceremonial rites with body” proposed by Zixia School in the Warring States Period exerted great influence on the subsequent eras.

(5)Sinological research on the three aspects to gender in Lao Tzu: female supremacy, hermaphrodite or asexuality

ZHANG Yan-yan ·44·

Female supremacy and asexuality mistakenly perceive female or baby as the subject but not the image of body of Tao or saints in Lao Tzu. Modern gender theory can find an echo in the social gender of saints in Lao Tzu-hermaphrodite.

Leo Strauss stated that modern liberalism ended up in nihilism on the ground that it abandoned the idea of natural right and based itself on value relativism. However, the value relativism Strauss was referring to was Max Weber’s value polytheism but not the liberal version of value pluralism. The latter believes that there is a clear-cut boundary between good and evil though it might be hard to choose among many types of good. Value pluralism or pluralism of goodness is by no means relativism or nihilism but a recognition of plurality of values, which shows the respect for freedom and individuality and also the confidence of a nation of inclusiveness.

税负公平不仅指纵向公平，也存在横向公平，所谓的纵行公平指的就是收入高的需要多缴纳税，收入少的少缴纳，所谓的横向公平，就是收入相同，所需要缴纳的税也是相同的。

DONG XAIO-lin, SHI Xiao-lei, XU Hong ·52·

According to Smith et al. (1981), farmers’ fund cooperative is committed to maximizing the benefits of its members. Therefore, any behavior inconsistent with this commitment is defined as goal deviation. This paper explores the possible reasons for goal deviation from the perspective of the limitations of social capital by analyzing the unbalanced panel data of 65 farmers’ fund cooperatives in Nanjing, Yangzhou, Lianyungang, Yancheng from 2007 to 2016. The results show that the growing size of membership and the increasingly complex membership structure offset the advantages of the given cooperatives in information and supervision and cause the principal-agent problems as well. Ultimately the deviation from the original management goal arises.

(7)In-kind finance substitute mechanism for failure of rural credit market: a case study of Jiangsu Province

ZHANG Long-yao, XU Yu-yun, ZHANG Bing ·60·

Naturally-developed market failure in the developing countries has been ascribed to monopoly, information asymmetry, high transaction cost and systematic risk prevalent in rural credit market. Governmental intervention doesn’t improve the financing environment in rural areas but causes “double failures” instead-market failure and government failure. This paper analyzes the possibility of spontaneous substitute mechanism for formal credit market failure. An empirical analysis of 427 farmer households in four cities of Jiangsu Province shows that the farmers who are restricted by formal credit market are more involved in trade credit market, which indicates that trade credit can be a substitute for bank credit. Compared with the formal credit sector, trade credit market enjoys the advantages in information acquisition, supervision and contract execution, thus attracts farmers who are not the target customers of banks. In addition, the embedded interest rate of trade credit is an indicator of the risks and the solvency of farmers; besides it is effectively determined by the market as is it falls under the influence of the interest rate of local banks. The results show that market will spontaneously form an effective substitute mechanism for the failure of rural credit market.

(12)Mechanism for Constitutional oath and its improvement

ZHU Zhao-zhen, MAO Xian-jun, ZHANG Jia-ting ·70·

There is overlap in the definitions and ultimate goals of business models and financial management. This paper first designs a business model evaluating indicator system from the perspective of financial management, then compiles the business model evaluation indices by means of mutation progression method and finally analyzes and verifies the indices. The indices are decomposed into profitability index, solvency index, development index and operation index. The results show that the 1,347 manufacturing listed companies developed ideally in the given period and that the profitability and solvency were relatively good but operation ability was disappointing. The business model evaluation index mean of the manufacturing listed companies and the mean of Tobin Q’ waving trajectories were almost the same. This shows that business model evaluation index can effectively evaluates business models.

(9)A resource-seeking-based study of China’s direct investment in Central Asia

Along with the fierce global competition for oil and gas resources, the gap between economic growth and resource demand in China is getting even larger and the effect of resource-based OFDI is spreading. Based on the data of China’s direct investment in Central Asia from 2006 to 2014, this paper studies the motives of these investments by means of the gravitational model and analyzes the causes and effects of the motives. The results show that China’s direct investment is characterized by the strong resource-seeking motives. The size of Central Asian market has a positive impact on China’s direct investment while the impact of labor costs and bilateral trade is insignificant.

LI Feng, ZHANG Xiao-nan ·81·

此外，学生自主排放自行车，也是我们构建情感场的重要手段。放眼望去，全校几千辆自行车，车尾一条线，车头朝一边。通过自主排放自行车，学生体会到的是自主与自立，一屋不扫何以扫天下；是信任，是学校和班级对自己的信任；是诚信，因为无人监督；是集体荣誉感，只有每个人按照标准做到了，所在班级乃至整个区域的车辆才会看上去整整齐齐的。这是校园情感场生态构建的成果，是校园情感场生态的构成因素。

稻田水中的噬菌体消长与病菌的消长是一致的，即病菌开始繁殖增加，噬菌体也随之上升，病菌数量减少，噬菌体也随之降低。如定期测定稻田水及稻株中的噬菌体的消长，则能了解白叶枯病的动态，及时指导防治。

(10)Medical Institution and Product Liability:Interpretation of Article 59, Tort Law of the People’s Republic of China

TANG Chao ·87·

Article 59 of Tort Law, i.e. the legal basis of medical product liability, should be limited to the situation where personal injuries are caused by the combination of medical products and medical services. As regard to situations where medical institutions serve as producers or distributors who sell or otherwise distribute medical products, article 43 will applies. Article 59 constitutes an autonomous regulation independent of chapter Ⅴof Tort Law. Because medical institutions’ status in article 59 are analogous to that of sellers in article 43, so the loopholes in article 59 should be filled by analogy to related norms in chapter Ⅴ about sellers.

(11)An analysis of the Juristic Acts of Real Rights in the Contract Law of Homestead Bargaining in the Early Republic of China

LIU Hai-bo ·96·

Contract Law of Homestead Bargaining in the Early Republic of China distinguishes the obligation contract from the contract of real rights. It takes the meaning itself as the principle of the real rights transfer though doesn’t require external forms. To some degree, it recognizes the independence and the no-cause character of juristic acts of real rights. Since the law was made under the influence of foreign laws at that point, it serves as a precursor for the Civil Law today.

(8)Construction of business model evaluating indicators system and the indices from the perspective of financial management

WU Huan ·102·

In terms of human nature, Confucianism has long been known for its proposition that man is basically good but not for its ideas about evil. However, we found out that the thoughts about Xixin of the Confucian scholars in the Song Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty were actually their ideas about evil. They stated that Xixin was the root for moral erosion. There are three aspect to Xixin: its origin; its definition and why it is evil; its expression and how to remove it.

点 评：父亲是一本厚厚的书，书写了许许多多的内容，这首小诗就写了父亲对孩子不同的“爱”，从不同方面展示了父爱的博大与特殊，读来让人深思。

LIN Xiao-shan ·112·

Stratification and inequality of family consumption ensue from the rapidly increasing family ageing. An analysis of the data from the 2012 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS2012) shows that family structure and consumption structure are significantly correlated. The consumption level of aged families is the lowest among all types of families, especially in terms of consumption for development and enjoyment. The more aged a family is, the stronger the effect of consumption inequality is. There are two aspects to this: the more over-60s a family has, the faster its consumption level decreases; the higher the family consumption level is, the stronger influence it has on the family consumption stratification and inequality.

“两路并进”“两线合一”。按是否有劳动能力和稳定收入来源，将未脱贫建档立卡低收入人口明确划分为扶贫开发对象和保障兜底对象。对扶贫开发对象继续到户到人多种方式实施精准帮扶，确保如期精准脱贫。对兜底保障对象，加快落实制度性保障举措，确保稳得住、兜得牢。坚持“精准扶贫、精准脱贫”基本方略，继续按照高质量减贫和缓解相对贫困“两眼紧盯”、开发式扶贫和制度机制创新“两手齐抓”，努力使中国特色减贫发展道路在江苏走得更加坚实、积累更多经验。

(14)Economic globalization, labor disputes and social welfare spending

LI Xue ·122·

Most research indicates that economic globalization reduces social welfare spending in the developing world. This is inconsistent with the increase of welfare spending in China in the past two decades. Focusing on the city-level panel data spanning from 2000 to 2014 in the Yangtze River Delta, this research explores whether and how the global and domestic factors shape the size of welfare spending in this region. It finds out that both trade and FDI reduce the social spending in health, education and social security while the labor disputes increase the size of social spending, which indicates that the labor disputes can minimize and even offset the negative effect of economic globalization.

(15)Science and metaphor: introduction of western art theories into China

一个8m3的沼气池每年一般换料2次，共可产沼肥12m3左右。其中含氮素45kg、磷15kg、折尿素98kg、10%过磷酸钙150kg[16]。按照中国化工网报价尿素的价格为1 630元/t，普通过磷酸钙的价格为350元/t。以中国沼气农户对沼肥的利用率40%[17]计算400m3沼气发酵残余物沼渣沼液的肥料替代效益，结果如表6所示。

XIONG Hai-yang ·133·

The modern Chinese art theories develop under the strong influence of the western art theories. However, there has been a gap between the western and the Chinese experiences. To narrow the gap, Chinese scholars come up with the two methods of science and metaphor, both of which explore the possibility of intervention of theories into social life. The shared goal of the two interventions is to improve morals and realize rationality.

(16)Art ontology of neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty

YANG Wan-li ·139·

The neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty stressed Dao while disregarded Wen but later emphasized the unity of the two. The Confucianism philosophers in the Southern Song Dynasty criticized the radical view that literary writing prevents the spread of the Dao of Confucianism, which can be considered a restoration of Confucius’ view of “a mastery of the six arts”. Different from Confucius, these scholars proposed various art forms of writings, calligraphy, paintings, Guqin, and Go. To explore their art ontology, we need to study their views on these art forms in an effort to trace the history of their ideas.