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文学助力西方了解中国

更新时间:2016-07-05

Wang Luoyong,the first Chinese mainland actor on Broadway,captured the hearts of many Chinese by reading a letter by political strategist and essayist Zhuge Liang (181~234)to the emperor of Shuhan during the Three Kingdoms period (220~280)in the new season of Growling Tiger and Roaring Dragon.

The letter has been recited by generations of students,and we would never have experienced that the text,written in classical Chinese,could be so beautifully rendered and recited in another language.As the rendering of the letter shows,China has a dazzling literary heritage that could enrich the repository of world literature.

However,China's literary influence in the world is disappointing.As a guest lecturer in world literature classes,I often asked how many people have read or heard of Journey to the West,a Chinese classic written by Wu Chengen during the Ming Dynasty(1369~1644).Usually nobody raised hands.

In the online bookstore Amazon,the translation of Journey to the West by Anthony Yu from Chicago University—a more popular translation—has fewer than 100 reader reviews.Other Chinese books fail in their journeys to the west as well.Pearl Buck's translation of All Men Are Brothers has 10 reviews.Gladys Yang's translation of Dream of the Red Chamber has 12 reviews.And Romance of the Three Kingdoms,translated by C.H.Brewitt Taylor and Robert E.Hegel,has 31 reviews.Worse,few poems from the Tang Dynasty(618~907)have made it beyond the single digit in reader reviews.

In fact,Lao Gan Ma,a Chinese chili sauce,is doing better than any of them.

免疫介导的药物性肝损伤(immune-mediated drug-induced liver injury,IM-DILI)是药物性肝损伤(drug-induced liver injury, DILI)的一种特殊类型,临床较少见且易与其他疾病混淆。本文报告我院1例经临床生化检查、肝穿刺活检和随访后诊断的IM-DILI,并进行相关文献复习,以帮助临床对IM-DILI进行诊断和鉴别诊断,避免不必要的长期激素治疗。

Basically,reading international literature is an effective way of increasing understanding of other peoples in the world.Literary texts give texture and depth to our otherwise biased and over-generalized understanding attained through distilled commentaries and potentially biased analyses.An in-depth understanding is not something for lip service.It requires thoughtful effort.

此后,中国社会科学院荣誉学部委员李惠国主持撰写《社会科学方法论大辞典》,我又请710所王翎、欧阳奕儒两位博士撰写了有关系统论、控制论和信息论方面的全部条目;在中国社会科学院荣誉学部委员赵凤岐主编《系统科学与马克思主义哲学》一书中,还收录了我和王翎合作撰写的一篇专门论述系统方法的论文。

I translated The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner,a very difficult book even for American readers,and I was glad to find that this book,too,found many readers in China.

We have a “trade deficit” in literary import and export.And this deficit is disturbing because classical literature often shapes the soul of a nation.Why is this even a problem?

将从模型小鼠中找到的20个差异性代谢物导入MetaboAnalyst数据库中构建肠炎模型相关代谢通路,总共发现24条代谢通路,主要相关的13条潜在代谢通路见图4,按影响值(impact)从大到小依次为亚油酸的代谢,α-亚麻酸代谢,β-丙氨酸代谢,苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸生物合成,乙醛酸和羧酸盐代谢,丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢,磷酸肌醇代谢,色氨酸代谢,酪氨酸代谢,半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸代谢,淀粉和蔗糖代谢,三羧酸循环,精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢,其影响值分别为1.00、1.00、0.50、0.44、0.26、0.19、0.18、0.14、0.11、0.09、0.07、0.05、0.04。

微课教学在初中语文作文教学中起到了画龙点睛的效果,教学时间与传统教学相比较短,主要是因微课教学具有时间限制。因此教师在进行教学内容的选择时,需要选择一个教学点作为突破口,以重点突出教学内容。

Chinese readers,in comparison,are far more informed about Western classics.I remember the transla-tion of James Joyce's Ulysses by Xiao Qian and Wen Jieruo had been a huge cultural event in China in the 1990s.Similarly,the translations of Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost Time and Miguel de Cervantes'Don Quixote attracted widespread public attention.

The obligation to solve this problem is mutual.Chinese scholars should do a better job of introducing Chinese literature to the rest of the world.Western academics,on their part,will benefit from an improved understanding of Chinese literature.

I have noticed that many people know about the Art of War by Sun Tzu due to its inclusion in Western anthologies of world literature and the ease of reading generic strategies without having to understand the nuances of the culture where it is embedded.It was once popular among businessmen as they looked for strategies to succeed in business wars.However,this book is not even included in the Chinese literary cannon,in contrast with the prose of the Qin Dynasty (221~206 BC),poetry of Tang and Song(960~1279)dynasties,plays of the Yuan Dynasty(1271~1368),and novels of Ming and Qing(1644~1911)dynasties.

I would encourage Western universities to try something different.If you understand the Monkey King from Journey to the West,or Zhuge Liang from Romance of the Three Kingdoms,you have a better chance of understanding a Chinese.And the more we understand each other,the less we blindly hate or fear each other.

The author is a US-based instructional designer,literary translator and columnist writing on cross-cultural issues.

Berlin Fang
《疯狂英语(读写版)》2018年第05期文献

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