非谓语动词是一项重要的语法知识点，近年来频繁出现在高考试题中，但是不少学生容易将非谓语动词与谓语动词混淆——因此，我们有必要充分了解非谓语动词的特点，掌握该语法知识点的规律，从而在解题时能够精准判断、灵活运用。

非谓语动词，顾名思义，就是动词的各种形式在句子中不充当谓语，而是用作其他句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语、状语等。例如：

1. Our Chinese President Xi arrived in Manila on Tuesday (Nov.17) ______ (attend) the APEC meeting. On Thursday he addressed the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation CEO Summit, ______(point out) that China’s policy on ______ (welcome) foreign investments will not change.

2. As the old saying goes: “One who isfilled with knowledge always ______ (behave)with elegance (优雅).”

3. “______ (learn) poems isn’t about winning or losing. The power of poetry lies in shaping one’s view of life and ______ (develop) one’s inner world,” said Li Bo, an expert guest at the Chinese Poetry Competition’s second season.

解析：从句1的句子成分可以看出，主语与谓语已经存在, 所以画线部分为非谓语；再结合句意分析，这三处填入的非谓语动词形式分别为：目的状语（to attend）、伴随状语（pointing out）和介词的宾语（welcoming）。在句2中，“who isfilled with knowledge”这个定语从句是用来修饰主语one的，句子缺少谓语动词，因此要填behaves。而在句3中，第一处缺少主语，故用动名词Learning；第二个空格处与shaping一起并列，为介词in的宾语，应用developing。

解题“六步走”

汪老师陪聊了半个多小时，最后她告诉我一个小秘密，说她在上学时，第一次住上铺也跟我一样害怕，爬上床后坐在上面动都不敢动，我比她勇敢多了，上去之后还敢在床的两头来回放东西，这时我才发现，在她的指导下，居然把她给我铺好的床，又按自己的习惯铺了一遍。大概是有了汪老师和蔼可亲的鼓励，让我心里有了依靠，抑或是我因为拥有了汪老师的小秘密，心里有点小欢喜，等汪老师离开时，我已经不再恐惧上铺。

✓ 找连词，分析句子结构

综上所述，随着世界经济一体化的发展越来越快，企业之间的竞争也越来越激烈，这为企业财务风险管理提出了新的机会和挑战。特别是在市场经济飞速发展的企业外部条件下，提升企业财务管理的认识，完善财务的相关制度可以进一步提升企业财务风险管理的作用，推动企业财务管理逐渐地制度化、规范化、科学化，为企业的发展提供良好的发展基础，实现企业稳定、长远的发展。

例1：All the tickets______, in my opinion, we had to wait for next week’s show.

例2：All the tickets______, in my opinion, so we had to wait for next week’s show.

A. had been sold out B. having sold out

C. had sold out D. having been sold out

解析：首先确认这里要选被动关系，然后比较一下这两个句子，例2中有一个由so连接的原因状语从句，故选A；而例1中无连接词，只能用非谓语动词形式，故选D。

✓ 找逻辑主语

本研究采用多种类型的测序数据，首次完成了单叶省藤和黄藤染色体水平基因组的组装，2种棕榈藤的基因组作为重要的参考基因组，将有助于促进其他藤种的从头基因组测序组装和重测序研究，同时通过与不同物种进行比较研究，为物种进化研究提供证据。借助两种棕榈藤高质量基因组数据，使木质素生物合成通路关键基因的鉴定更加便捷，这些候选基因对棕榈藤的生长发育非常重要。本研究为进一步对棕榈藤及相关物种基因组的研究奠定了基础。

非谓语动词虽不是谓语，但它仍然具有动词的特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者被称为逻辑主语。非谓语动词的逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致时，该逻辑主语可以省略。如：

例3：Faced with a bill for $10,000, ______.

不干扰钢混凝土叠合梁之下公路的通行，是进行该支架体系设计的首要原则。因此，桥面板支架体系要通过叠合梁的结构特性，充分发挥主梁和侧梁的结构功能，具体来说有以下三点需要注意。

A. an extra job has been given to John B. the boss has given John an extra job

C. an extra job has been taken D. John has taken an extra job

解析：此处考查的是逻辑主语，根据上下文，从句的句意为“John is faced with a bill for$10,000”，此句中主从句逻辑主语应保持一致，故选D。

例4：Everything ______ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.A. To take B. Taking C. to be taken D. taken

解析：主句主语为they，而从句的主语为everything，所以非谓语动词的逻辑主语不能省略，必须保留，构成分词的独立结构，再根据被动关系，此题选D。

另外，with/without的独立结构也是非谓语动词考查的重点，主要有以下三种形式：

例5：The old couple often takes a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.（follow与逻辑主语their pet dog之间是主动关系）

例6：He is listening carefully in class, with his eyesfixed on the blackboard.（fix与逻辑主语eyes之间是被动关系）

4. ______ which university to attend,the girl asked her teacher for advice.

为被动关系，但此处表将来时）

✓ 分析语态

针对当前大数据高校图书馆服务技术差距较大而造成的异地资源无法有效整合这一问题，笔者认为，高校图书馆应充分利用大数据技术具备的集成优势，以当前高校图书馆服务需求为前提，构建高校图书馆大数据服务联盟共享平台，以此解决异地高校图书馆资源无法整合的问题，实现各地区高校图书馆之间的信息服务资源共建共享。在构建高校图书馆大数据服务联盟共享平台过程中，高校图书馆可通过建立大数据服务决策本体来对相关信息资源、社会服务资源进行收集，并将其统一集成到大数据服务联盟共享平台中，使各地区的高校图书馆都能够从该平台获取到更多、更丰富、更全面的信息服务资源，使高校图书馆能够根据用户需求为其提供优质的服务。

分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。

例8：______ the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.

A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached

例9：______ from the top of the tower, the south of the mountain is a sea of trees.

A. Seen B. Seeing C. Have seen D. To see

例17：He is thought ______ (act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for

相比前几年惠民政策，今年黑龙江销售公司在惠民方面最大的亮点是增加了折扣卡的优惠政策。但什么样的客户可享用折扣卡？这就需要所属分公司对自身客户有一个全面了解。

✓ 分辨动作的先后顺序

当分词动作先于主句的动作时，我们就要用到分词的完成形式（主动为having done，被动为having been done）。

12月11-12日，浙江省自然资源厅党组成员、副厅长陈远景到永嘉县、缙云县调研矿政管理工作。调研期间，陈远景副厅长主持召开了地矿行政管理工作座谈会，听取了有关工作情况汇报，解答了各地在工作中遇到的困难和问题。他充分肯定了两地前一阶段工作，强调要提高政治站位，思考问题要有大格局，要有更宽的视野，要站在发展的角度来谋划工作。

例10：______ around thefive houses for kids and fathers, Grace fell in deep love with the No.3 house.

A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show例11： ______ the assigned task, Grace seems very sad.

A. Not completing B. Having not completed

C. Not having completed D. Not completed

解析：根据句意，例10中主句的动作fell in love with the No.3 house与分词的动作show…around有一个比较明显的先后顺序，且为被动关系，应选C。而在例11中，主从句的动作有先后顺序，是主动关系，且为否定形式，故选C。

✓ 分析时态

例12：The building ______ now will be a restaurant.

大蒜素对模型小鼠的抗炎性痛作用及机制研究…………………………………………………… 任 亮等（18）：2479

例13：The building ______ next year will be a restaurant.

例14：The building ______ last year is a restaurant.

A. having been built B. to be built

C. being built D. built

A. Catching B. Caught

此外，在考查不定式的各种用法时，我们可

以记住一个规律：to do表示将来的动作，to be doing表示正在进行的动作，而to have done则表示已经完成的动作。

例15：She pretended ______ (do) her homework when her mother came in.（to be doing，表进行）

例16：Tom is said ______ (go) abroad for further study next month.（to go，表将来）

解析：在这两句中，分词的逻辑主语均与主句的主语一致，故省略。例8中，分词的逻辑主语we与动词approach是主动关系，故选A（现在分词）；而例9中，分词的逻辑主语the south of the mountain与动词see是被动关系，应选A（过去分词）。

losing the job.（to have acted，表完成）

2.2.2 风险评估机制不健全。大部分单位中还存在风险评估人员人数和质量不达标的现象，没有一个完整的风险评估机构，在这种情况下，单位往往会因为缺乏风险评估，而不能及时的发现风险问题，导致任务失败。

✓ 避免思维定式，警惕陷阱题

例18：Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only ______ it didn’tfit.

A. tofind B. found C.finding D. having found

例19：He hurried to the booking office, only ______ that all the tickets had been sold out.

A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told

例20：He was busy writing a story, only ______ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.

A. to stop B. stopping C. to have stopped D. having stopped

解析：例18和例19考查的都是only to do，这个搭配表示出乎意料的结果，再根据上下文的主被动关系，例18选主动关系的A，例19选被动关系的B。至于例20，大家一眼看上去容易误认为也是在考only to do，但如果仔细读读句子，你们就会发现这里的only是“仅仅”的意思，根据上下文应选B。

课后提升练习

1. Pressed from his parents, and ______ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.

A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized

天文学家早就开始怀疑，银河系中心可能也在发生类似的事儿，一大标志就是那个区域里有一个名为人马座A*的明亮射电源。然而，银河系中心为尘埃所笼罩，这就导致我们无法通过传统的天文学观测手段看到这个天体。

2. ______ the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.

解析：非谓语动词的被动关系作后置定语用，通常有三种形式——正在进行的被动为being done，完成的被动为done，将来的被动为to be done, 故这三句依次应选C、B、D。

其中：当顶底板投影面积相对差<40%时，V=(S1+S2)×H/2；当顶底板投影面积相对差>40%时，

C. To catch D. Catch

当被问及“学习效率不高的主要原因”时，同学们还是将问题归咎于自身。在所有这些原因中“自控能力较差，没有良好的学习习惯”达到了81.13%；位居二、三位的原因是“基础较差”和“学习心理压力大、对学习没信心”；相反，“学习状态良好”的只占到了12.58%。由此本文得出初步结论：自控能力是影响学生学习的重要因素，是学风建设需要解决的首要问题。

3. We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the meeting will influence the future of our company.

A. to be made B. being made

6. ______ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.

例7：With so many problems to solve, she feels upset.（solve与逻辑主语many problems虽

A. Not knowing B. Knowing not

C. Not known D. Known not

5. ______ for two days, Steve managed tofinish his report on schedule.

A. To work B. Worked C. To be working D. Having worked

图9显示了由参数值所有组合表示的错误警报情况。两种方法都存在很多的纹理角点,例如在森林地区。Noble算法中的虚角均是比较接近的物体。相反,在SUSAN算法中,在较为平坦的区域和边缘处发出许多虚假警报。现有文献亦有学者使用过类似理论,但是在其他应用程序(例如跟踪)中并没有那么重要,SUSAN算法存在将许多类似于边缘的建筑物特征误认为角点。

C. made D. having been made

A. Ignore B. Ignoring C. Ignored D. Having ignored

7. —Who is the man ______ by a group of students there?—A professor ______ research on physics.

A. followed; did B. following; did

C. followed; doing D. following; doing

8. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ______ a life span of around 20 years.

A. having B. had C. have D. to have

9. Thefilm star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ______.

A. recognizing B. being recognized

C. having recognized D. having been recognized

10. ______ the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.

A. Spending B. Spent C. Having spent D. To spend

11. With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ______presents for my dad.

A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought

12. His lecture ______, a lively question-and-answer session followed.

A. being given B. having given

C. to be given D. having been given

13. ______ many times, he still repeated the same mistake.

A. Having been told B. Having told

C. Telling D. Told

14. A ship loaded with expensive goods was reported ______ into the sea with its oil______.

A. to sink; given out B. to have sunk; run out

C. having sunk; used up D. to have sunk; run out of

15. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only ______ his plane high up in the sky.

A.finding B. tofind C. being found D. to have found

16. Many Chinese brands, ______ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.

A. having developed B. being developed C. developed D. developing

17. The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ______ from butterflies to elephants.

A. ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged

18. ______ a reply, he decided to write again.

A. Not receiving B. Receiving not

C. Not having received D. Having not received

19. —What does Nicky’s job involve as a public relations director?

— ______ quite a lot of time with other people.

A. Spending B. Having spent C. To spend D. To have spent

20. I remember when I was a child ______ with how many toys my cousin had.

A. impressing B. to impress C. being impressed D. impressed