更全的杂志信息网

Polar science needs a foundation: where is the research into polar infrastructure?

更新时间:2016-07-05

As the world continues to grapple with an evolving climate,science across the atmospheres, oceans and ice sheets of our polar regions remains increasingly important. However, the conduct of polar science relies upon polar infrastructure and whilst some facets of polar science receive significant funding, research into polar infrastructure is lacking.*

我国在现代化经济建设的过程中,不断加深了对工作绩效的研究力度,其中明确指出同员工职务相关的实际工作内容状况为任务绩效,这一绩效同完成任务的状况以及员工个人能力等参数都具有紧密联系[3]。同时工作奉献指的是在实际展开日常工作中,从支持组织目标为出发点员工自主表现出来的一系列自律行为;而人际促进指的是员工日常工作中,有目的和意识的维持良好人际关系的行为。

The International Polar Year 2007–2008 provided the impetus for numerous nations, particularly some of those that are members of the Asian Forum for Polar Sciences(AFoPS), to increase their polar science capability and development of new infrastructure (Krupnik et al., 2011;Allison et al., 2008). There are numerous examples of recent innovative design of new Antarctic stations:Belgian’s Princess Elisabeth Station, South Korea’s Jang Bogo Station in Terra Nova Bay and China’s 5th Antarctic research station, currently being constructed on Inexpressible Island. Further, many nations including Australia, China, Korea, France, Japan and South Africa have recently built, or are building, new Antarctic research and support vessels.

However, numerous states are only belatedly recognizing that infrastructural limitations are compromising their polar scientific capability. In 2012, the US released an examination of its need to renew its infrastructure and logistical capability in Antarctica (US Antarctic Program, 2012) and in 2016, the Australian Antarctic Division released its own Australian Antarctic Strategy and 20 Year Action Plan (Australian Antarctic Division, 2016).

The Australian documents explain Australia’s future role in Antarctica and outlines the measures needed to be implemented to retain the nation’s role as a leader in Antarctic science. At the time of writing, Australia has commissioned a new icebreaker and is recruiting personnel to manage the establishment of an overland traverse capability, station upgrades and improved year-round aviation links.

子贡问友。子曰 “忠告而善道之,不可则止,毋自辱焉。”(子贡问如何交友。孔子说:“忠心地劝告他,以各种可能的方式引导他,他不听从,也就罢了,不要自找侮辱。”)

CRREL has made recent contemporary advances, with the introduction of poly-sled and flubber technology,enabling the provision of an efficient over-snow refueling capability to the South Pole, and other nations such as the UK and Australia have also adopted this technology. But,the lack of a wheeled runway at the South Pole in support of the USAP, the last great polar infrastructural problem,perhaps best exemplifies that as far as the author is aware,insufficient support continues to be available for the necessary research into the ongoing viability of such a runway and similar science-enabling infrastructure.

The US Army established its Snow, Ice and Permafrost Research Establishment (SIPRE) in 1949. This institution evolved into the US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) in 1961,as Cold War tensions increased and troop-mobilization across the polar regions became ever-more important.CRREL and similar organizations in the USSR and elsewhere made significant advances in fields such as snow mechanics and cold region terrain/vehicle interaction.However, as Cold War tensions eased and the polar regions became increasingly devoted to science, the level of scientific endeavor increased, but the level of commensurate research into the provision of suitable polar infrastructure and operational techniques did not.

1914年9月7日这一天晚上,加利埃尼亲自督战。他要求每辆出租车都必须塞满士兵。超载车辆以25~50辆为一队,奔赴前线

So, importantly, reassessment of infrastructural needs is occurring, but, research into the optimal development or utilization of these science-enablers appears to remain lacking.

As an example, White and McCallum (2017) recently published a review of ice and snow runway pavements in which they identified the gap that exists between the design of contemporary asphalt pavements and their polar equivalents. Much work was done through the 1950s, 1960s and into the 1980s, but limited resources have been devoted to the advancement of these fields in the last twenty years and no significant progress has been made into snow/ice runway design in recent decades.

The pursuit of science bounds ahead in the polar regions; but, are we investing sufficiently in parallel research that will support the use of innovative technologies to develop contemporary infrastructure and operational techniques that can best support this science into the future?

Note: Queries and discussions on this article should be made by E-mail directly with the corresponding author.

References

ALLISON I, BÉLAND M, CARLSON D. 2008. Status and progress of the International Polar Year. EOS Trans. AGU,89(34): 313-320.

Australian Government. 2016. Australian Antarctic Strategy and 20-Year Action Plan, Canberra, ACT, Australia.

KRUPNIK I, ALLISON I, BELL R, et al. 2011. Understanding Earth’s Polar Challenges: International Polar Year 2007–2008. Summary by the IPY Joint Committee.University of the Arctic publications series (4). University of the Arctic and ICSU/WMO Joint Committee for International Polar Year 2007–2008, Rovaniemi, Finland.

US Antarctic Program. 2012. More and better science in Antarctica through increased logistical effectiveness. Blue Ribbon Panel Report, Washington, DC, USA.

WHITE G, MCCALLUM A. 2017. Review of Ice and Snow Runway Pavements. Int J Pav Res Technol, 11(3): 311-320.

Adrian MCCALLUM
《Advances in Polar Science》2018年第1期文献

服务严谨可靠 7×14小时在线支持 支持宝特邀商家 不满意退款

本站非杂志社官网,上千家国家级期刊、省级期刊、北大核心、南大核心、专业的职称论文发表网站。
职称论文发表、杂志论文发表、期刊征稿、期刊投稿,论文发表指导正规机构。是您首选最可靠,最快速的期刊论文发表网站。
免责声明:本网站部分资源、信息来源于网络,完全免费共享,仅供学习和研究使用,版权和著作权归原作者所有
如有不愿意被转载的情况,请通知我们删除已转载的信息 粤ICP备2023046998号