更全的杂志信息网

China Continuously Improves Trade Facilitation

更新时间:2016-07-05

On February 22, 2017,the “Trade Facilitation Agreement” officially came into effect, among the members that had ratified the agreement. On January 22 of this year, Argentina submitted the signed copy of “Trade Facilitation Agreement” to the WTO, marking the agreement has been accepted by 128 countries and regions.

The “Trade Facilitation Agreement”was the first multilateral trade agreement since China entered the WTO, and China played an important role in developing and implementing the agreement. China is now paying more attention to trade facilitation. As it was reflected by the report of the 19th CPC National Congress, China is to “adopt policies to promote highstandard liberalization and liberalization of trade and investment” and will call on all countries “to help each other to facilitate the liberalization of trade and investment”.

Recently, the Beijing Recode Trade Security and Facilitation Research Centre (Beijing Recode)developed and issued a report titled“Annual Report on China Trade Facilitation for 2017”, it shows that in 2017 China got a score of 73 for its trade facilitation assessment, which is above the average, in other words.

实验技术人员的职称晋升一直较为困难,特别是机能实验技术岗位有一大批中级职称人员;由于僧多粥少,原本要求宽松的实验系列职称晋升标准相应提高。这严重挫伤了一些年龄在40岁以上的实验技术人员的工作热情,他们的工作效率较为低下,对工作现状有诸多抱怨,这种情绪也明显影响了一些新进工作人员。高校要适量增加实验技术人员高级职称的名额,从而使一些得到晋升机会的人员重燃对工作的兴趣,也使新进人员不至于一直处于助理实验师职称,激发整个群体的工作动力和工作热情。加强职称评聘,使实验技术人员能够树立工作目标,挖掘自身潜力,更有计划和有目的地安排自己的工作。

Continuously improving trade facilitation

According to Sun Zhenyu,president of the China Society for World Trade Organization Studies(CWTO), China is accelerating to improve trade facilitation, as an important measure to promote comprehensive opening up, while proving that China complies with WTO rules and actively maintains the multilateral trade system. As a trustworthy and responsible country,China has become an important stimulus to economic globalization.Within a year since the signing of the “Trade Facilitation Agreement”,China has made encouraging progress.

“Since being founded in April 2015, Tianjin Free Trade Zone has 45 financial innovation projects being spread across the country,including direct overseas loans of Chinese-funded enterprises, crossborder loans of Chinese-funded enterprises, securitization of the first domestic asset leased in foreigncurrency, individual cross-border RMB settlements, and ‘Clear Water and Blue Sky Fund’ which supports energy conservation, emission reduction and water, land and air pollution control in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province,” said Li Hong,deputy director of the Tianjin Municipal Bureau of Financial Affairs.

The report also showed that China Customs and China Inspection and Quarantine are making progresses in implementing trade facilitation measures that promote customs integration, cancellation and reduction of administrative fees, one-stop and paperless customs clearance,cooperation among border agencies,AEO system, announcing and release time, separation of releasing and taxation, etc. Another aspect reflected in the report was the great gaps between the status quo of trade facilitation in China and global best practices, such as pre-ruling, fairness and impartiality of customs administrative penalties,and participation of the business community.

本系统研制主要内容为建立以下4个子系统:①建立信息采集子系统,该子系统通过接口服务程序从外部系统提取数据到中间数据库、然后通过数据传输服务程序让中间数据库与本系统数据库进行数据交换。同时也可通过接口服务程序将数据从中间数据库写入部分外部数据库;②建立决策分析子系统,通过当前的客运生产组织信息、现场监控信息以及各种统计分析报表,为决策分析提供理论依据;③建立系统管理子系统,用于管理车站信息、列车信息、时刻表信息等,且设置管理用户权限;④建立指挥控制子系统,为车站客运指挥核心,对相关信息进行处理,并及时作出相应的应对措施,在紧急情况下提供应急管理处理机制。

Based on the facts, including the dates on which members signed WTO’s Trade Facilitation Agreement, as well as the increasingly growing importance China and the international community attached to trade facilitation, Beijing Recode had an objective, fair and systemic analysis and evaluation on the policies, laws and regulations and the implementation from China Customs, China Inspection and Quarantine and other Chinese governmental departments term by term, by organizing professionals and experts in the industry, referring to the methods recommended by WTO,and taking the texts of WTO’s Trade Facilitation Agreement as the base.The evaluation and analysis resulted in reasonable suggestions and most importantly, “Annual Report on China Trade Facilitation for 2016”.The 2017 edition supplemented,updated, and standardized the main body of the report, and added a summit and analysis on the major trade facilitation measures and events of Chinese governments in recent years.

2010年4月,玉树发生了震惊世界的“4·14”大地震。灾情就是命令!在自家的房舍倒塌、亲人伤亡情况不明的关键时刻,白玛文洲毅然于第一时间赶赴单位,积极投身于伤员搜寻与救助当中。而此时,他的家中受损严重,父亲在地震中左腿骨折,母亲心脏病突发,两个年幼的孩子束手无策。后来,母亲被亲戚送往西宁,又转院到四川华西医院接受心脏搭桥手术

Jiang Xiaoping, director of the Beijing Recode, said, in order to make new ground in pursuing opening up on all fronts, China needs to further promote trade facilitation,in comparison with the Trade Facilitation Agreement and relevant OECD standards. In particular,there are great gaps between China and international best practices in such areas as pre-ruling, fairness and impartiality of customs administrative penalties, and participation of the business community.

6) bummer ['bʌmə(r)] n.令人失望的事7) escape [ɪ'skeɪp] v.逃离

In order to promote trade facilitation globally, it is particularly necessary to set up a scientific evaluation system to evaluate the implementation of trade facilitation policies and measures,and clarify which aspects still need improvement. “We still have a lot of expectations for the full implementation of trade facilitation agreements,for example, ‘one-stop customs clearance’, pre-ruling, announcing and releasing time, AEO, circulation of bonded goods, customs transit transport, coordination between customs and inspection and quarantine departments, and participation of business circles,”said Desmond Chai, Global Supply Chain Director of Intel.

Institutional innovation and multi-pronged approach

As to institutional innovations in the Guangdong Pilot Free Trade Zone, more than half of these innovations are directly related to trade facilitation.

A few months ago, a brandnew Airbus A320 aircraft arrived at Tianjin Binhai International Airport from Hamburg, Germany,the 1,000th aircraft owned through leasing by Dongjiang Bonded Port Area of Tianjing Free Trade Zone,making Dongjiang Bounded Port Area the second largest aircraft leasing center in the world after Ireland, in terms of aircraft assets.At present, about 6 out of 10 civil transport aircrafts in China are leased, and 4 out of 10 are from Dongjiang Bonded Port Area.The “Dongjiang Model” has contributed greatly to aerospace industry, including aircraft leasing companies, air transport companies and local aircraft manufacturers.Dongjiang Bonded Port Area has also successively developed nearly 40 types of lease transactions, such as bonded leases, export leases, import leases, offshore leases, and joint leases.

Traditional customs declaration procedures are complicated and enterprises have to go to several places to submit documents for customs clearance. In order to facilitate customs clearance procedure, Nansha Free Trade Zone has opened a “single window” for international trade,which is welcomed by enterprises.This public service platform for international trade has 18 functional modules such as cargo declaration and transport declaration, and integrates the information systems of 21 government departments of international trade chain including customs, inspection and quarantine department, allowing enterprises to get multiple jobs done through one platform.

Entering 2018, China is promoting trade facilitation as a whole.

Beijing Recode has conducted an in-depth study of the “Quantitative Evaluation Indicator System of Trade Facilitation” that was established and put into effect by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in 2012, and proposed rationalized emendations.Beijing Recode evaluated the level of trade facilitation in China in 2017 by the modified system, which gave a score of 5-points higher than the score (68 points) by OECD for the same year. Meanwhile,the calculated results by Beijing Recode were significantly lower than those by OECD, in terms of trader involvement, pre-ruling,management, and fairness. As to aspects of trade facilitation like the instance of appeal, documents,automation, procedural procedure,cooperation between border agencies(internal), and cooperation among border agencies (external), the scores are significantly higher than those of OECD.

在互联网的大背景下,电子商务的发展除了依靠人才以及政府政策支持外,还需要有完善的配套设施,尤其需要有完善的物流体系。当前宿迁市政府为了促进电子商务的发展,在相关配套设施方面已经不断加大投入力度,但在物流体系层面还存在以下几个问题:

As an established brand in finance sector, in 2017 Tianjin Free Trade Zone has several innovative breakthroughs in the leasing industry.For example, it completed the import lease transaction for ultra-deepwater double rig semi-submersible drilling platform “Blue Whale 1”, which was a historical breakthrough; it piloted intangible assets leasing business, realizing the first intangible asset of technology and culture leasing transaction. Tianjin Free Trade Zone has become the largest financial leasing cluster in China, in terms of the quantity of financial leasing companies and the business scale.

Since the foundation of South Sichuan Port Area of China Sichuan Pilot Free Trade Zone, it has introduced many innovative measures, to optimize the business environment. For example, if shipped through Luzhou Port Bonded Logistics Center to Luzhou Port for export, the cargos need to go through two different customs supervision procedures, meaning it needs to enter audit and release documents, unload and load for at least one more time,which causes not only a great waste of time but also extra costs for loading and unloading. In 2017, South Sichuan Port Area was the first in China that integrate “logistics center with export port”, which allows exporters to go through procedures of customs clearance, export transshipment, and information registration at the bonded area, to transport cargos to Luzhou Port for export, greatly improving the logistics efficiency and reducing the logistics costs.

China needs to further promote trade facilitation, in comparison with the Trade Facilitation Agreement and relevant OECD standards.

In order to improve the efficiency of customs clearance,Shanghai Customs has introduced a number of systems both functional and innovative. For example, it expanded the scope of reform and piloting in categorized (based on the status) supervision of warehousing goods, spread the pilot model of“self-declaring, self-service customs clearance, auto review and release, and key audit”, further facilitated crossborder R&D of biopharmaceuticals and explored a special customs supervision model for cross-border R&D, while perfected the bonded supervision for the whole industrial chain of integrated circuits, to find opportunities for high technical and high value–added domestic and overseas inspection and maintenance and remanufacturing projects.

As the most direct embodiment of investment facilitation, Tianjin Free Trade Zone makes amazing achievements in investment and financing facilitation. On November 7, 2017, Tianjin municipal government published the sixth issue of financial innovation cases in Tianjin Pilot Free Trade Zone under the title of “Cross-Border Financial Services Promoting Facilitation of Investment and Financing”, involving boosting the development of leasing industry, cross-border matchmaking,financial services for investment and financing facilitation and cross-border financial services.

虽然国内外的研究已发现在重组人血管内皮抑素作用下确切的存在肿瘤血管正常化时间窗,但各研究得出的时间段尚存争议[14-15],依据不同研究得出的时间段是否符合Jain[10]的血管正常化理论,尚值得探索。本研究前期已得出结论,重组人血管内皮抑素作用后的d4~d6可能为血管正常化时间窗[7-9],与Jiang等[16]、辛刚等[17]研究结论类似,与Xu等[12]结论差别较大。在该时间段联合抗肿瘤药物治疗是否会收到最大抑瘤效果值得探索。

As the key link of the integrated operation, the logistics center has three core functions of “bonding for imports” and “duty refunding for exports”. Since the goods exported here can apply duty refunding 30 to 40 days earlier than those from Luzhou Port, helping reduce capital occupation costs. Therefore, many export companies choose Luzhou logistics center.

Besides, Chongqing Liangjiang New Area Management Committee cooperates with a number of companies, to jointly build an ecocloud platform for cross-border trade, providing local foreign trade companies with one-stop service for customs clearance, logistics,financing, duty refunding, foreign exchange settlement, and so on.In addition, customs in Qingdao,Ningbo and other cities are actively exploring and innovating in trade facilitation.

大学生毕业实习通常存在着以下问题[1-4]:实习单位难找、师生在思想上不够重视、分散实习难以掌控、教师指导不到位、实习时间不够、考核制度松散、实习岗位与专业无关、没有形成完善的实习教学体系和严格的监管制度、实习效果评价模式单一、食宿费用较大及存在一定的安全隐患等问题。

From “Free Trade Zone” to “Free Trade Port”

Entering 2018, China is promoting trade facilitation as a whole. Over the past five years, China has successively established 11 free trade zones in Shanghai, Guangdong,Fujian, Tianjin, etc. These free trade zones have become a window for China to open to the world. The relevant statements in this year’s government work report has made the construction of free trade zones and free trade ports a hot spot again.

A “free trade port” is a special area outside customs and within the boundary of a country (region), where goods, capital and personnel are free to enter and exit, and most goods are free of customs duties. It is a special economic function zone with the highest level of openness in the world.“Freeport” is just a popular term, and a freeport is principally engaged in carrying trade, and also in processing,tourism and service businesses. The first free port appeared in Europe in 1547, namely Leghoyn Port in the Genoa Gulf. Today, there are 130 freeports due to an increasingly active global trade and economy,of which more well-known are Hong Kong of China, Singapore,Hamburg of Germany, and Antwerp of Belgium.

According to incomplete statistics, more than 10 provinces and cities in China are investigating and reporting the feasibility of free trade ports, including Shanghai, Zhejiang,Guangdong, Tianjin, Fujian and Hainan. Tianjin and other cities have included the construction of free ports in the government work reports. The mayor of Tianjin, Zhang Guoqing,said that Tianjin is actively boosting the construction of “Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei free trade port”, since it is not only a free trade port of Tianjin,but also a platform for the Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei Province to open to the world.

Compared with free trade zones,free trade ports require a higher level of trade facilitation. “If a free trade zone is a ‘plateau’, a free trade port is the ‘summit’ on the plateau,” said Lu Fangzhou, the deputy district head of Pudong New Area of Shanghai.He emphasized that a free trade port is a pilot project that aiming at improving trade facilitation and port supervision through a higher level of openness.

Zhang Jian, chairman of the Xiamen CPPCC, believes that a free trade port means higher level of openness compared to a free trade zone, and may be the benchmark for a new round of opening up.

“At present, we find that Hong Kong and Singapore are free ports with distinctive features. In general, a free port has to allow free flow in and out of people, capital and goods, adopts best practices around the world, and needs a looser environment, in order to better prepare enterprises for the global market,” said Zhang Jian.

By Lily Wang
《China's Foreign Trade》2018年第2期文献

服务严谨可靠 7×14小时在线支持 支持宝特邀商家 不满意退款

本站非杂志社官网,上千家国家级期刊、省级期刊、北大核心、南大核心、专业的职称论文发表网站。
职称论文发表、杂志论文发表、期刊征稿、期刊投稿,论文发表指导正规机构。是您首选最可靠,最快速的期刊论文发表网站。
免责声明:本网站部分资源、信息来源于网络,完全免费共享,仅供学习和研究使用,版权和著作权归原作者所有
如有不愿意被转载的情况,请通知我们删除已转载的信息 粤ICP备2023046998号