1 Introduction

Tidal flat reclamation is the idea of getting new land from natural sea by constructing dykes or filling the sea with soils and stones,so as to expand terrestrial living and production space.Reservoirs,aquaculture ponds,and salt farm can be formed by enclosing sea waters[1].Meanwhile,we can construct ports and wharfs,industrial zones,and warehouses,develop seashore tourism,expand urban area,and build large-scale infrastructures or recreational facilities by filling sea waters with soils and stones.Land reclamation can bring about considerable economic and social benefits,relieve the contradiction between land shortage and developmental demand in coastal cities[2],and achieve a balance between the requisition and compensation of arable lands[3].Moreover,it will also influence the structure and layout of marine industry[4],and even become an important indicator of economic growth[5].In some densely-populated coastal countries(e.g.,Netherlands,Germany,North Korea,British),the history of land reclamation dated back to hundreds and even thousands of years ago[6].Land reclamation projects gave them an opportunity to boom the economy.

建议：前列腺癌手术患者无需常规放置鼻胃管。如果放置了鼻胃管(除非消化道功能受损，需要留置鼻胃管)，可在麻醉苏醒前拔除，以减轻患者苏醒后不适。

Land reclamation has been studied for a long time,whether in China or in other countries.Large-scale land reclamation projects will benefitlocal community and economy,but also destroy and degrade the ocean environment[7-9].At present,the relevant study mainly deals with the planning and management of land reclamation[10],feasibility of land reclamation projects[11-12],environmental effect of reclamation[8,13],land reclamation evaluation system[14-16],remote sensing monitoring[17],and driving mechanism[18].But few scholars performed an integrated analysis on the spatial pattern of reclaimed land.Hence,we analyzed the spatial pattern of reclaimed land in Zhejiang Province,China from 1990 to 2010,to facilitate the rational distribution of ocean Engineering and structural optimization for ocean industry.This study provides a basis for improving the ocean environment,reducing the interference and damage of land reclamation projects on ocean habitats,designing such projects more rationally.

2 The study area

Zhejiang province,China (27°12′-31°31′N,118°00′-123°00′E),a southeast coastal province of China,situates in the south wing of the Yangtze River Delta.The coastline(including continental and island coastline)of Zhejiang Province is 6 500 km,accounting for 20.3%of the total coastline length of China.In terms of length,the coastline of Zhejiang Province ranks first in China,and it is rather tortuous,with a total length quadrupling the straight-line distance.The coastline suitable for construction of deep water berths above 10 000 DWT reaches 290 km[19].The continental shelf where the coastal water depth is within 200 m amounts to 230 000 km2,while the sea area according with such condition amounts to 260 000 km2.As the project Integrated Investigation and Assessment on Chinese Offshore Marine Environment("Project 908"for short)reveals,the total area of mudflats in Zhejiang Province reaches 2 285 km2.Therein,around 1 853 km2of mudflats are distributed in continental coasts,being a major reserve of land resources in the province[20].As a province featuring strong marine economy of China,Zhejiang has seven coastal cities (i.e.,Jiangxing,Hangzhou,Shaoxing,Ningbo,Taizhou,Wenzhou,and Zhoushan)among its 11 prefecture-level cities,with the coastline amounting to 2 253.7 km.This study only focused on the situation of land reclamation in 6 mainland coastal prefecture-level cities of Zhejiang province,i.e.,Jiangxing,Hangzhou,Shaoxing,Ningbo,Taizhou,and Wenzhou.

3 Materials and methods

3.1 Data source and process

The data of this article were mainly the six-scene Thematic Mapper (TM)remote sensing images of 1990 and 2010(path/row:118/39,118/40,118/41).In addition,Google Earth images,the scanned image of 1:250 000 topographic map and 1:250 000 geographic background data of Zhejiang Province were also used.

On the basis of sea-land boundaries of 1999 and 2010,the scope of land reclamation in Zhejiang province from 1990 to 2010 wasdetermined after making revisions on some muddy coasts.In this process,rivers and seas were delimitated mainly based on hydrologic features,i.e.,the tidal current limit in dry season was taken as the river-sea boundary.The coastlines of 1990 and 2010 were superposed and then linear elements were transferred into planes,so as to obtain the boundaries of land reclamation on the continental coasts of Zhejiang Province in the 20 years.Subsequently,the interpretation keysfor varying land typeswere built by combining with the band characteristics of TM remote sensing images and the relevant images of 1990 and 2010 in Google Earth.Finally,the sample-based classification rule in eCognition Developer 8.7 was used along with the human-computer interactive interpretation and classification to analyze the use types of reclaimed land in Zhejiang Province.

According to the actual situation of land reclamation in Zhejiang,there are 8 land use types after reclamation:arable land,coastal industrial zone,port and wharf,urban construction area,wetland① Wetland:the area artificially reclaimed into the wetland from the muddy coast.,aquaculture pond,reservoir,and vacant land② Vacant land:the natural sea waters which has been enclosed artificially but not utilized before 2010(as indicated in the remote sensing image of 2010);such land is reserved based on existing development condition and actual demand..

3.2 Index selection for analysis of spatial pattern of land reclamation

To analyze the spatial pattern of land reclamation,some quantitative indices in landscape ecology which can describe the change of landscape pattern were selected.Revisions have been made to enhance the applicability of these indices to our study.A total of 9 indices concerning land reclamation were selected:number of patches,mean patch size,coefficient of variation of patch size,patch density,mean shape index,mean patch fractal dimension,aggregation index,reclamation intensity,reclamation diversity index[21].These indices were calculated using the spatial pattern analysis program Fragstats 3.4.

The connotation and calculation method of each index are listed below.

Aggregation index(AI)means the degree of nonrandom aggregation of patches of varying types,representing the features of spatial configuration of landscape components.A smaller aggregation index means that the landscape is composed of many small patches in a higher randomness.In contrast,a larger aggregation index means that the patches are more concentrated and there are a few large patches.

The number of patchessubject to land reclamation(NP)refers to the number of patches of a particular use type in the reclamation area,and describes the heterogeneity and the extent of fragmentation of land.The larger the NP,the higher the extent of fragmentation will be.NP≥1.

（6）患者所有的狭窄节段主要分布于各冠状动脉主要分支，其中31处位于右冠状动脉，6处位于左主干，41处位于左前降支，21处位于左旋支。

(2)Mean size of patches subject to land reclamation

In terms of spatial distribution,the area of land reclamation in Ningbo city was the largest in the 6 prefecture-level cities of Zhejiang Province,reaching 42 087.42 ha and accounting for 38.70%of the total area of land reclamation.Besides,Ningbo city also boasted the largest number of patches subjected to land reclamation (196).Among the 8 use types of reclaimed land,the proportions of each use type in Ningbo city all ranked the first,except the vacant land(the maximum of 62.51%belonging to Taizhou city).Therein,the land reclaimed from sea into reservoir in Ningbo city accounted for 71.06%of the total in Zhejiang Province.Shaoxing city only had 1 087.29 ha of reclaimed land,accounting for 1.00%of the total area of land reclamation and less than Jiangxing,Wenzhou,Hangzhou,and Taizhou cities successively (Tab.1).As to various construction lands,coastal industrial zone,urban construction area,and port and wharf mainly concentrated in Ningbo city,as well as Jiangxing and Taizhou cities.The area of ports and wharfs in Taizhou city accounted for 38.21%of the total in Zhejiang Province.Besides Ningbo city,Jiangxing and Hangzhou cities also reclaimed a large quantity of sea waters into arable land,accounting for 24.12%and 23.35%,respectively.These arable lands were mainly distributed along the muddy coasts at both sides of the mouth of the Qiantang River,at the base of the Hangzhou Bay.Wetlands and aquaculture ponds mostly sat along the muddy coasts of Hangzhou and Taizhou cities(Tab.1).

The mean size of patches subject to land reclamation(MPS)equals the average of the areasof reclaimed landsin thereclamation area.It representstheextent of fragmentation of a particular land use type.The smaller the MPS,the more broken the land use type will be.

whereMPSdenotes the mean size of patches subjected to land reclamation,A denotes the total area of reclaimed patches of all types or a particular type(ha),NPdenotes the number of reclaimed patches of all types or a particular type.MPS＞0.

(3)Density of patches subject to land reclamation

(5)Reclamation intensity

The density of patches subject to land reclamation (PD)refers to the number of patches per unit area and represents the extent of landscape fragmentation.The larger thePD,the higher the extent of landscape fragmentation will be.

whereNPis the number of patches,Ais the total landscape area(ha),andPD≥0.

前文已指出天地的运作直接产生了万物，说明天地和万物是有区别的。“天地”在大多数情况下是特指，不能和“万物”混淆。所谓“天地不仁，以万物为刍狗”，这里也能看出两者的不同。不过，由于它们都属于天然现象之“物”，处于直接生成与被生成的关系中，两者的联系也就更加紧密。在一定的语境中，说“天地”如何存在，某种程度上便预设着“万物”如何或应如何存在；一些章节直接讨论“道”与“万物”之间的关系而未提及“天地”，在一定意义下我们应将“天地”补充进来。

(4)Coefficient of variation of patch size

The coefficient ofvariation ofpatch size(PSCV)represents the degree ofthe difference between patch sizes in the reclamation area.The larger thePSCV,the larger the difference between patch sizes will be.

Reclamation intensity(IN)equals the reclamation area per unit length(1 km)ofcoastline.It represents the reclamation scale in an area.

wherePSCVis the coefficient of variation of patch size,MPSis mean size of patches subject to land reclamation,andPSSDis the standard deviation of patch sizes.

赵：2004年，受我校情报研究中心主任王金夫教授之邀，我开始在校情报研究中心承担情报学硕士研究生培养工作。当时我在新校区工作，而情报研究中心设在嘉定校区。因此，除中心的重大活动以及学位论文答辩外，我平时很少有时间去嘉定情报研究中心。为了解和掌握学生的学习及研究情况，我一般与研究生约定下班之后在嘉定校区图书馆见面。通常至少一个月约定与学生见一次面。特别在学位论文开题之后，会为学生制定撰写学位论文的具体时间进度，并按照规定的进度检查执行情况。

wheremandnare both the total number of patch types,aijis the size of the j-th patch belonging to the land use typei,MPS is mean size of patches subject to land reclamation,andNPis the total number of patches.PSCV≥0

定植一般在晴天无风条件下按株距40 cm栽苗，然后覆土浇水，水渗透后第三天培土起垄，垄高10 cm，7天后浇水，保障茄子对水分的吸收，15天后盖地膜，开口引苗出膜，每亩2500株。

目前采用的提取污水能量的方式大部分是以间接式为主[4]，也就是在机组前面设置一个换热器，污水和水或其它介质先交换热冷量，然后再由介质进入进组[5].这主要是考虑到污水的水质容易造成堵塞、腐蚀、结垢等，壁面造成对机组的损害，导致系统无法工作[6].因此.在间接式的系统中，污水换热器的性能就显得尤为重要[7].污水换热器中，管壳式换热器应用较为普遍[8].而有些工程中，则采用板式换热器.

过了好一会，阿花用纸巾擦了泪，又像蛇一样缠过来，温柔地说，阿坤，你是误会了，我和江锋真的没有什么。我把脸扭过去，茫然地望着窗外，眼神空空的。阿花对着我的背影说，阿坤，其实我从没说过要嫁给你呀，我们只是好朋友，那种可以肝胆相照同床共枕的异性朋友，这难道还不够吗？

少数民族基础数学教育对民族教育有着极为重要的影响。空间几何、代数以及函数等都是数学学习中比较抽象的内容，少数民族学生在学习这些内容时，往往感到力不从心[4]。这就会导致少数民族学生对数学的学习逐渐失去兴趣，最后直接放弃。而在基础教育阶段学生数学成绩差，就会导致学生在初中、高中阶段的理科学习变得困难，最终会导致少数民族学生发展不平衡，而这有违民族教育的教育目标。因此，发展民族教育首先需要提升少数民族基础数学教育的质量。

whereINis reclamation intensity,Sis total reclamation area(ha),andLis the coastline length of 1990(km).PD＞0.

(6)Reclamation diversity index

Mean shape index（MSI）and mean patch fractal dimension （MPFD）were used to analyze the shape features of reclaimed patches.As Fig.3 reveals,there was a certain correlation between mean shape index and mean patch fractal dimension for patches of different types.Reservoir and port and wharf had a larger mean shape index,and their mean patch fractal dimension was 1.10 and 1.12,respectively.Most of the patches of such types were located near rocky shores and restricted by local terrain,making their shapes more complex.In addition,mean shape index and mean patch fractal dimension were also larger for wetland,arable land,and vacant land,which were inlaid mutually.Most of the patches of these types failed to be developed and utilized fully,thereby presenting the features of the sea water/muddy wetland or arable land/muddy wetland combination.There were no evident artificial boundaries between the patches of the three types,increasing the shape complexity of patches.However,the two indices were smaller and patch shape was relatively simple in the costal industrial zones and urban construction lands with high-intensity human activities and full exploitation.

where m is the total number of patch types,andPiis the proportion of the area of patch typeiin the landscape.SHDI≥0.

(7)Mean shape index of reclaimed lands

The mean shape index of reclaimed lands(MSI)usually representsthe overall complexity of the shape of each patch.Generally,when all patches in a landscape are square,MSIis 1;when the patches are irregular or deviate from square,MSIwillincrease.

whereMSIis the mean shape index of reclaimed lands;m and n are both the total number of patch types;aijis the size of the j-th patch belonging to the land use type i;Pij is the perimeter of the j-th patch belonging to the land use type i;NP is the total number of reclaimed patches.MSI≥1.

(8)Mean patch fractal dimension

Mean patch fractal dimension(MPFD)is an indicator of the shape complexity of patches in a landscape and represents the degree of the influence of human activities on the landscape.If theMPFDis closer to 1,it means that the patches in the landscape are more similar and regular.That is,the simpler the patch geometry,the greater the impact of human activities is.

(5)监理准备工作。一般指现场监理人员、检测设备、规范图集的配备情况；监理人员对图纸的熟悉程度；人防专业知识的学习、理解情况；施工单位的人、材、机、方案等准备情况。

whereMPFDis mean patch fractal dimension;mandnare both the total number of patch types;aijis the size of the j-th patch belonging to the land use typei;Pi jis the perimeter of the j-th patch belonging to the land use typei;NP is the total number of reclaimed patches.1≤MPFD≤2.

(9)Aggregation index

(1)Number of patches subject to land reclamation

wheremandnare both the total number of patch types,andPijis the perimeter of the j-th patch belongs to the land use type i.0＜AI≤100.

4 Results and analyses

4.1 Overall structural analysis for land reclamation

The following results were obtained by superposing the sea-land demarcation lines of 1990 and 2010 and converting polylines to polygons.In Zhejiang Province,447 patches were subjected to land reclamation from 1990 to 2010,with a total area of 108 760.41 ha and an average of 244.40 ha(Tab.3).Therein,the areas of reclaimed patches in Ningbo,Taizhou,Hangzhou,Wenzhou,Jiangxing,and Shaoxing cities were 42 087.42 ha,31 518.00 ha,14 152.59 ha,11 809.08 ha,8 106.03 ha,and 1 087.29ha,respectively.Aquaculture pond was the most dominant use type of reclaimed land,accounting for around 28.22%of the total area of land reclamation (Fig.2).Vacant land was the second most dominant use type,accounting for 21.77%,and most of the vacant land would be used for aquaculture.Hence,nearly half of the land reclamation area in Zhejiang Province served as fish,shrimp,crab,or eel ponds.It is mainly because muddy coasts took a large part of the coastline of Zhejiang Province and many of them were reclaimed as aquaculture ponds.That is why wetland and arable land were also common types of reclaimed land,accounting for19.23% and 13.40%,respectively.Moreover,the construction land of various construction lands accounted for 7.86%.This relatively larger proportion is because of the good conditions for maritime transport on the coastal plain of Zhejiang Province.A number of cities or towns have thrived by virtue of ports and industries,with a continuous expansion in area.Coastal industrial zone,and port and wharf accounted for 5.91% of the total area of land reclamation.But they mostly concentrated in rocky shores at the north Hangzhou Bay and from Beilun city to Xiangshan county in Ningbo city.However,few ports were constructed in the south Hangzhou Bay,Sanmen Bay,and Yueqing Bay where the coasts are mostly muddy.In Zhejiang Province,coastal industrial zones mainly concentrated around ports and wharfs,with coastal chemical industry and marine vessel industry as the main industries.In addition,a small part(3.60%)of the reclaimed land was used as reservoir to store fresh water.

这是一则有关香港南丫岛撞船事故的报道，整个语篇不足130字，篇幅短小，字字有用，句句有着落。没有废话，不拖沓，不冗长。修辞语义清楚明白，不费解，不含糊，读者一看即明。再看新华网的：

4.2 Area analysis for reclaimed patches

For the land reclamation in Zhejiang Province,arable land and aquaculture pond were dominant use types (Table 2).It means that most of the reclaimed land turned into agricultural land,to compensate for the occupation of urban arable land.Aquaculture pond had a larger patch density,reaching 0.122 patch/ha.There was a larger difference in the area of each patch of aquaculture pond,with the coefficient of variance reaching 200.93%.Besides,the areas of urban construction land,port and wharf,and reservoir also had a larger coefficient of variance.It is mainly because most of the urban construction lands and ports and wharfs reclaimed from sea were distributed near rocky shores,and their areas varied largely with location due to the restriction of terrain.As for reservoirs,their areas also changed largely with location because they were mostly located in the recessed harbors along rocky shores.

In terms of the spatial difference,the patches subjected land reclamation in Zhejiang province presented had a larger coefficient of variance of area,reaching 218.64%(Table 3).Among the six costal prefecture-level cities,Taizhou city had the largest coefficient of variance of patch area (249.24%),which exceeded the overall level of Zhejiang Province.The larger coefficient of variance was caused by several oversize patches which had been reclaimed but not fully utilized in Linhai,downtown,and Yuhuan of Taizhou city.The coefficients of variance of patch area in other prefecture-level cities were all smaller than the overall level in Zhejiang Province.Therein,the coefficients of variance in Wenzhou and Ningbo cities followed that in Taizhou city,being 210.91%and 208.49%,respectively.In these two cities,the use types of reclaimed land were diversified,with large differences between varying types.That is why the coefficients of variance of patch area were relatively larger in these two cities.The minimum coefficient of variance of area occurred in Shaoxing city,being only 97.07%.In the city,there were only seven patches reclaimed from sea,with no big difference in area.

4.3 Shape feature analysis for reclaimed patches

Reclamation diversity index,i.e.,the Shannon's diversity index (SHDI)in landscape ecology,measures the number of landscape types and the proportion of the area of each type in the whole landscape.Meanwhile,the index can reflect the heterogeneity of different landscape types.Being sensitive to the unbalanced distribution of all landscape types in a landscape,it highlights the contribution of rare landscape type to the general information.When SHDI is 0,there is only one patch type in the landscape.A larger SHDI means more patch types or a higher similarity between the proportions of the areas of varying patch types.

For the reclaimed patches in Zhejiang Province,mean shape index was 1.91 and mean patch fractal dimension was 1.09 (Fig.4).For the reclaimed patches in Taizhou and Ningbo cities,mean shape index was 1.99 and 1.95,respectively,and mean patch fractal dimension were both 1.10.Both indices in the two cities exceeded the overall provincial levels because of many hills in their coastal regions,bringing about large impacts on reclaimed patches.Accordingly,the shape of the reclaimed patches in Taizhou and Ningbo cities was most complex among the 6 prefecture-level cities.The two indices of Hangzhou and Wenzhou cities followed those of Taizhou and Ningbo cities,with the minimum mean shape index and mean patch fractal dimension in Shaoxing city(1.68 and 1.07,respectively).Overall,the reclaimed patches in Shaoxing city had a simple shape because most of them distributed in plains and were less impacted by natural terrain.

在该项目中通过采用支盘施工工艺，有效地解决了3根单桩无法插入岩体，达不到设计要求的难题，避免了基础重新设计、工期延长等一系列问题，同时还体现出成桩工艺适用范围广、适应性强、经济效益显著的特点，在实际施工中有很好的推广应用价值。

4.4 Aggregation analysis for reclai med patches

The aggregation index was high for each type of reclaimed patches in Zhejiang province.Therein,vacant land enjoyed the highest aggregation index,followed by wetland,arable land,and aquaculture pond,and then by urban construction area,costal industrial zone,and reservoir.The aggregation index of port and wharf was the lowest,indicating the highest degree of fragmentation (Fig.5).It is closely related to the restriction on the site of ports and strong interference of human activities.In the 20 years from 1990 to 2010,more sea waters were enclosed and reclaimed into land.Some of the reclaimed patches had a larger area and were not fully exploited yet.And they were relatively concentrated,resulting in a larger aggregation index of vacant land.Wetland,arable land,and aquaculture land also had a largeraggregation index because they were concentrated along the muddy coasts at the south Hangzhou Bay,Sanmen Bay,Yueqing Bay,south Wenzhou.Considering the terrain limitation and the developmental demands of each region,construction landsmostly scattered at submontaneplains.Hence,construction lands,especially port and wharf,had a smaller aggregation index,i.e.,a higher degree of fragmentation.

在天空88个星座中，按所占面积排名最大的是长蛇座，其次是室女座、大熊座、鲸鱼座、武仙座、波江座，然后就是飞马座。在每年10月份选择一个晴天面向西南方找到“夏季大三角”，然后慢慢地向东方漫游，就会遇到一个四边形，这就是由仙女座α星（壁宿二）、飞马座α星（室宿一）、飞马座β星（室宿二）、飞马座γ星（壁宿一）组成的仙女、飞马四边形，又叫秋季大方框。因为形状好辨认，除飞马座γ星为3等星，其它几颗都是2等星，所以非常醒目。在四边形中最亮的是仙女座α星，是全天第53亮星，视星等为2.06，绝对星等为-0.7，是颗白色亚巨星，这颗星实际上是飞马座和仙女座两个星座共有的。

4.5 Reclamation intensity and diversity analyses

The land reclamation of each area relies heavily on sea-land demarcation lines.In the present work,the reclamation area per unit length of coastline was used to represent the reclamation intensity in each prefecture-level city of Zhejiang Province.As seen from Fig.6,the provincial reclamation intensity was 56.30 ha/km.Among the six prefecture-level cities,Hangzhou city had the highest reclamation intensity,reaching 300.70ha/km.It is because the city has a short coastline and there were a large number of muddy coasts at the mouth of the Qiantang River,which are suitable for land reclamation.The reclamation intensities of Shaoxing and Jiangxing cities ranked second and third,being 76.25 ha/km and 72.91 ha/km,respectively.As for Ningbo,Taizhou,and Wenzhou cities,the reclamation intensities were lower due to the long coastline.

Reclamation diversity index is a measure of the spatial complexity of type and area of reclaimed patches.It can be known from Fig.6 that the reclamation diversity index of Zhejiang Province was 1.80.Among the 6 prefecture-level cities,Ningbo city had 8 types of reclaimed patches,which showed large differences in total area.Hence,Ningbo city boasted a high reclamation diversity index of 1.86,exceeding the provincial level.Jiangxing and Shaoxing cities also had eight types of reclaimed patches,but the differences between the total areas of different types were relatively smaller.The reclamation diversity indices of the two cities ranked second and third,being 1.68 and 1.49,respectively.The reclamation diversity indices were lower in Wenzhou,Hangzhou,and Shaoxing cities,as there were less types of reclaimed land.

5 Conclusion

The following conclusions have been drawn based on the above analyses:

(1)From 1990 to 2010,the total area of land reclamation in Zhejiang Province reached 108 760 ha.Among various types of reclaimed land,the total area of aquaculture ponds ranked first and was likely to further increase.Among different construction lands,urban construction land took a larger proportion.Spatially,Ningbo city boasted the largest area of reclaimed land among the six coastal prefecture-level cities of Zhejiang Province,while Jiangxing city was in last place.It follows that the influence of human activities on the land reclamation area presents obvious regional disparities.

(2)For the reclaimed patches of varying types in Zhejiang Province,there were remarkable differences in area,number,density,and coefficient of variance of area.Most of the reclaimed patches served as agricultural land,and aquaculture pond always ranked first in area,number,density,and coefficient of variance of area.In terms of spatial distribution,the reclaimed patches in Zhejiang Province had a relatively higher coefficient of variance of area.Among the six prefecture-level cities,only the coefficient of variance of patch area in Taizhou city exceeded the provincial level and the coefficient showed a larger difference between different cities.Overall,there was a significant regional difference in the areas of reclaimed patches in Zhejiang Province.Moreover,the mean shape index and mean patch fractal dimension of varying patch types in Zhejiang Province presented a positive correlation due to the influence of the spatial relationship of terrain and land type as well as human activities.The reclaimed patches in Taizhou and Ningbo cities had the most complex shape,with both indices exceeding the averages,while the patch shape was relatively simple in Jiaxing and Shaoxing cities.

采用SC/T 3025—2006水产品中甲醛的测定中高效液相色谱法进行测定[8]。该方法样品中甲醛的最低检出限为0.2 mg/kg。

(3)The reclaimed patches of different types in Zhejiang Province had a higher aggregation index.Therein,vacant land ranked first,followed by wetland,arable land,and aquaculture pond.Reservoir,urban construction area,coastal industrial zone,and especially port and wharf had a lower aggregation index.It means that the aggregation index of the reclaimed patches of different types is closely related to terrain condition,developmental demand,and human activities.Hangzhou city had the highest intensity of land reclamation,exceeding the provincial average;Ningbo city had the highest reclamation diversity index.It follows that the reclamation intensity and diversity index is correlated with the area of land reclamation,length of coastline,and land use type.

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1609203,41471004)and the K.C.Wong Magna Fund of Ningbo University.

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