1.Introduction

Dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)is a type of gas discharge,which can produce high electron temperature and low gas temperature non-thermal plasma at atmospheric pressure.In a DBD,at least one of the electrodes is covered by dielectric layer,which can limit the current and prevent the discharge transfer to arc discharge.DBD has the advantages of simple structure,uniform discharge,and moderate energy density.For over a century,it has been widely used in the fields of cleaning of flue gases[1–3],materials surface treatment[4,5],medical sterilization[6,7],ozone production[8,9],and synthesis of fuels and chemicals[10,11].Coaxial DBDs’shape allows for gas flow between coaxial cylindrical electrodes in a manner that allows for the gas to be treated evenly.Therefore,it is suitable for large volume gas reactants treatment,such as removal of NOxand SO2from flue gas[11,12]and reformation of methane[13,14].

对于专款专项资金的收入，财务管理人员，要准确的记录，对于正在实施的项目要进行核实，防止重复项目发生。对于正在实施项目出现资金短缺问题，要积极沟通，向上级请示，在资金拨出后，及时进行账目标注。保证项目工作的正常进行，也保证国有资产的安全，还可以防止行政事业单位出现腐败现象，对我国的社会发展有积极的影响。

Since DBDs have been traditionally driven by AC powers sources,there exists an extensive amount of studies on the discharge characteristics,electrode structures,and treatment effects of AC DBDs[11,15–17].It is found that the energy Efficiency of AC DBD is low because most of the electrical energy goes into gas heating and there are a lot of filaments in discharge regime,which may result in the local overheating of the reactor and the uneven treatment.With the development of pulse power technology,pulsed DBD has been actively studied and applied in various applications[18–21].Relative to AC-driven DBDs,pulsed-driven DBDs improve the energy efficient of the system by using a fast rise time of voltage pulse brings more energy into the energetic electrons generation,which play a critical role in plasma physicochemical processing,and the discharge uniformity is also improved dramatically[18,22].Zhang et al compared the discharge uniformity,average power consumption,and plasma gas temperatures of AC and nanosecond(ns)pulsed DBD and found that the ns pulsed DBD had a better discharge uniformity,a lower average power consumption,and a lower operation temperature than AC DBD under the same applied voltage[23].Kettlitz M et al reported the spatial and temporal structure of the breakdown process of AC and μs pulsed dielectric barrier micro-discharges and the results showed microsecond(μs)DBD had lower streamer velocities than AC DBD[24].Williamson et al investigated the ozone generation rate of DBD excited by short-pulse and high voltage AC excitation and found that the short-pulse DBD had higher electron density and ozone generation rate than those of the AC DBD under the same power[25].These findings demonstrate that the pulsed DBD has advantages on energy Efficiency,discharge uniformity,and the treatment effects compared with the AC DBD.However,there has little work been done with the comprehensive comparison on the coaxial DBD excited by AC and ns power supplies in the discharge characteristics including discharge uniformity,discharge power,energy Efficiency,and operating temperature,which are critical important for the coaxial DBD practical applications in industrial field.

In this paper,the influence of AC and ns pulse power supplies on the discharge characteristics of coaxial DBD are comprehensively studied by electrical and optical diagnosis and temperature measurements.The energy Efficiency,the average power consumption of the air gap,and reactor heat loss rate of AC and ns pulse excited coaxial DBD are calculated and compared by equivalent circuit model and heat conduction model analysis.

2.Experimental setup

The　experimental setup　is illustrated　schematically　in figure 1(a).The coaxial DBD can be excited by AC and ns pulse power supplies,respectively.The AC power frequency varies from 5 to 20 kHz and the peak output voltage is ranged from 0 to 25 kV.The AC power supply is based on self oscillating technology and the central oscillating frequency is 9.5kHz.At the central oscillating frequency,the AC power supply has high power factor and sinusoidal voltage waveform output.Then,the frequency of the AC power supply is fixed at 9.5 kHz during experiment for best discharge performance.The ns pulse power supply can provide adjustable high-voltage pulses of up to 30 kV with a rising time of 80 ns and a pulse width of 250 ns.The pulse repetition frequency(PRF)of ns pulse power supply varies from 0 to 1kHz and is fixed at 1kHz during experiment.The experiment is carried out in open air under one atmospheric pressure with 20°C room temperature and 20%humidity.A cross-sectional view of the coaxial DBD reactor is shown in figure 1(b).It includes inter electrode,outer electrode,and internal and external dielectric barrier layers.Reactor is built up by two coaxial quartz tubes with a 2.5mm gas gap and quartz tubes serve as dielectric barrier layers between the inner and outer electrodes.The external quartz tube has a thickness of 2.5 mm,a length of 360 mm,and an outer diameter of 25 mm.While the internal quartz tube has a thickness of 1.2 mm,a length of 355 mm and an outer diameter of 15 mm.The outer surface of the external quartz tube is wrapped by a stainless steel mesh with a length of 200 mm and is connected with the power supply output as the high-voltage electrode.The inter electrode in the middle of the internal quartz tube is a 1mm diameter copper wire connected with ground as the grounded electrode.The aluminum powder is filled the space between the inner electrode and the internal quartz tube for uniform heat transfer and reducing partial discharge.

5.专业团队建设。除了建筑施工企业所擅长的施工协调管理能力外，设计能力、设备制造/采购能力在EPC模式中至关重要。因此，建筑施工企业需裨补阙漏，组建专业团队时强化优势能力，更关注弱项、缺项，如单独设置设计管理、合约采购部门。加强团队培训，增强主导意识，不断总结提高设计、计划管理、采购或制造能力。针对风电、化工等成熟领域，培养工艺设计能力。项目负责人应拥有行业背景，同时具有极强的管理协调能力的复合型管理人员。建筑施工企业应着力培养能力强、高水平的项目负责人，不断挖掘、储备专业人才，形成人才梯队，为后期项目大规模开展打下坚固基础。

之所以说糖尿病病人不适宜喝粥，主要是因为粥比米饭煮得烂，糊化程度高，消化吸收得快，因而血糖升高得也快，对血糖控制不利。其实，糖尿病病人没有绝对不能吃的食物，经过合理的选择和搭配，在保持血糖平稳的前提下，也可以喝粥。最好不在早餐喝粥，因为大部分糖尿病患者清晨至中午血糖较高，中午至下午血糖较平稳时喝粥较好。适当延长喝粥时间，减缓其升糖速度。喝粥前适当吃点主食，就着蔬菜、荤菜一起吃。食物种类丰富了，综合血糖指数就下降了。

3.Electrical analysis and modeling

The discharge images of the coaxial DBD excited by AC and ns pulse power sources at various applied voltages are shown in figures 4(a)and(b),respectively.The frequency has effect on the intensity of the discharge.The intensity of the discharge images is higher with a higher frequency but the variation of the frequency has little effect on the discharge uniformity.It is clearly shown that the ns pulsed coaxial DBD is more homogeneous than the AC coaxial DBD.In figure 4(a),it can be seen that there are a lot of filaments in the AC DBD air gap.At a lower applied voltage,the filaments are weak and only a few bright spots can be observed at the inner and outside walls of dielectric barrier tubes.With the increase of the applied voltage,there are more filaments in the air gap and more bright spots all over the walls of dielectric barrier tubes.

腰椎退变性脊柱侧凸多伴有椎管狭窄、椎间盘突出、椎体旋转侧方滑移、甚至前后滑脱等多种病理改变，手术治疗难度高，多见于老年人，围手术期风险较大。目前常见的手术方式有后路直接减压矫形、侧方矫形融合、前后路联合矫形减压等，治疗的目的是缓解症状、重建腰椎稳定性、矫正畸形。后路减压效果肯定但创伤大出血较多，而侧方矫正脊柱畸形效果显著、创伤小、出血少，但入路的相关并发症多［2-6］。

Figure 1.The schematic of the coaxial DBD experimental setup(a)and the cross-sectional view of the coaxial DBD reactor(b).

Figure 2.The equivalent electrical circuit of the coaxial DBD reactor.

When the discharge is not on,Idis equal to the measured current It[28]and Ceqcan be obtained with equation(1)[19]:

Figures 3(a)and(b)show the measured currents It without discharge,which should be pure displacement current,and the fitting curves Idfrom equation(1)of AC and ns pulsed coaxial DBD.The Iis obtained by the product of d and an amplification coefficient as shown in equation(1).The amplification coefficient is selected such that the calculated Id waveform fitting well with the measured currents Itwithout discharge.Then,the obtained amplification coefficient is equal to Ceq.According to the above method,the equivalent capacitances of AC and ns pulsed coaxial DBDs are obtained as 37 pF and 50 pF,respectively.The difference of the equivalent capacitances of the AC and ns pulsed coaxial DBDs is because the charge distribution on the dielectric barrier in ns pulse excited coaxial DBD reactor is more uniform than that in AC excited coaxial DBD reactor.

从图2剥落断口宏观形貌可以看出，断面出现呈弯曲并相互平行的沟槽状花样，与裂纹扩展方向垂直，是裂纹扩展时留下的微观痕迹，属于明显弧形疲劳辉纹，其反向指向裂纹源（A区域），疲劳裂纹从A区域向B方向扩展，形成一个疲劳扩展带（AB），与此同时AB裂纹两侧向C方向扩展，最终导致大面积剥落，疲劳扩展带见图2中光滑的氧化区域所示。从剥落断口宏观形貌进行分析得出，剥落裂纹的起始位置处于支承辊淬硬层厚度位置，然后沿着剪切应力方向扩展，直至剥落。因此，该支承辊失效形式属典型的疲劳剥落失效。剥落是从支承辊次表层开始，由疲劳裂纹顺着剪切面扩展而形成。

作为共产党人，支部书记在生活上首先应该像榜样学习，方志敏说“清贫、洁白、朴素的生活，正是我们革命者能够战胜许多困难的地方！”。必须坚持勤俭节约、艰苦朴素的生活作风，吃苦在前、享受在后、克己奉公、多做贡献，这是应尽义务。

Figure 3.The measured current and the calculated displacement current without discharge:(a)AC coaxial DBD,(b)ns pulsed coaxial DBD.

The average power consumption of the coaxial DBD reactor,the average power consumption of air gap,and the average power consumption of dielectric layer,Pdcan be expressed as follows:

Ud,is proportional to Umfor both capacitive loads according to the equivalent circuit.Then,Udcan be estimated by carefully selecting a coefficient k in equation(3).For AC DBD,the coefficient k is the inverse of the capacitances of Ceqand Cm.For ns DBD,the constant,k,is selected such that Ugcould be near zero when the discharge is extinguished[30].

Ugcan be obtained by equation(4):

The heat capacity,Ci,of each part of the reactor can be obtained by the following expression[32].

The instantaneous power consumption of air gap,Pg,and the instantaneous power consumption of dielectric layer,Pd,can be obtained from the equations(6)and(7).

Figure 4.The discharge images of(a)AC coaxial DBD and(b)ns pulsed coaxial DBD at various applied voltages.

When the applied voltage is increased and the discharge is on,the obtained Ceqcan still be used to represent the equivalent capacitance for it does not change much with the discharge conditions[29].When the discharge on,the discharge current through the gap,Ig,can be obtained by equation(2)with a measured Itand a calculated Idby equation(1):

The applied voltage and the discharge current are measured with a 1000:1 high-voltage probe(Tektronix,P6015A)and a current coil(Pearson Electronics Inc.,2877),respectively.A 2200 pF reference capacitor,Cm,is inserted in the circuit to estimate the voltage across the dielectric barrier and the voltage on Cmis measured using a 200:1 differential probe(Sapphir,LDP-6002).The voltage and current waveforms are recorded by a digital oscilloscope(Tektronix,TDS-3054c).The discharge image is recorded by a digital camera(Canon,EOS6D)with an exposure time of 1/25 s.The temperature of the external quartz tube is measured using an infrared(IR)camera(Testoterm,Testo875-1i)with a measurement range of 0°C–350°C.

To further investigate the discharge characteristics of the coaxial DBD excited by AC and ns pulse power sources,η,andPdof AC and ns pulsed coaxial DBD at their operation voltages from breakdown voltage to unstable voltage(AC coaxial DBD:9.5–12.5kV;ns pulsed coaxial DBD:19–24 kV)are plotted in figure 8.The breakdown voltage of the ns pulsed DBD is much higher than that of the AC coaxial DBD because it has a much faster voltage rising time.It can be seen thatandobtained from equations(8)–(10)increase with the increase of the applied voltage.η obtained from equation(11)also shows an increased trend with the increase of applied voltage for both AC and ns pulsed DBDs.For AC coaxial DBD,PtandPgare in the ranges of about 18–95 W and 2–25 W over the studied voltages.For ns pulsed coaxial DBD,andare in the ranges of about 18–35 W and 11–23 W over the studied voltages.The ns pulsed coaxial DBD has a much higher η compared with that of the AC coaxial DBD,which means most of the energy goes into plasma generation.The maximum values of the η of the nsreactor other than the ns pulsed coaxial DBD reactor within the same operation time.pulsed coaxial DBD is 68.4%,while the AC coaxial DBD is only 28.5%in the studied applied voltages.

新的科技手段在课堂教学中的运用要结合具有发展性的传统教学模式，交互式教学法的价值体现在呼唤新型的师生关系，彰显人的发展本质，完成自我实现，

4.Experimental results

4.1.Discharge uniformity

Figure 5.The typical voltage and current waveforms of(a)AC coaxial DBD and(b)ns pulsed coaxial DBD.

Figure 6.The calculated Ugand Ig(a),the calculated Udand Id(b),and the corresponding Pt,Pd,and Pg(c)with 11 kV and 9.5 kHz.

For a coaxial DBD,the applied voltage,Ut,is the sum of the voltage across the gap,Ug,and the voltage across the dielectric barrier,Ud,and the measured current,It,is composed of the displacement current,Id,and the conduction current,Ig.The Ug and Igare important to analyze the ignition and extinguish processes of DBD and calculate the power used for plasma generation.To separate the Utand Ig,an equivalent circuit of the coaxial DBD reactor is used and is shown as figure 2[26,27].Cdrepresents the equivalent capacitance of both dielectric layers,Cgrepresents the equivalent capacitance of air gap,and Ceqis the total equivalent capacitance of the DBD con figuration.In addition,a reference capacitor,Cm,is used for calculating Ud and the value of Cmshould be far larger than that of Ceq.Then,it can avoid the influence of Cmin the discharge.

Figure 4(b)shows the discharge images of the ns pulsed coaxial DBD is diffuse and there is no filament observed.When the peak voltage is low,the plasma is initiated on localized areas such as the edge of the high-voltage electrode and the discharge in the middle zone is weak.With the increase of the applied voltage,the discharge is more uniform in the air gap and is illumined the whole space between the outer electrode and inner electrode.The ns pulsed discharge has a very short voltage rising time and a short voltage duration,which prevent the glow to arc transition.Therefore,from the optical images,the ns pulsed coaxial DBD is more uniform than the AC DBD.

4.2.Electrical characteristics

Figures 5(a)and(b)show the voltage–current waveforms of the AC coaxial DBD at 11 kV peak voltage and ns pulsed coaxial DBD at 21 kV peak voltage,respectively.It can be seen in figure 5(a)that there are many filaments in both the positive and negative half cycles of the measured current,which indicates that the discharge is in filamentary mode.The peak value of the ns pulsed coaxial DBD current in figure 5(b)is much higher than that of the AC coaxial DBD and the current only contains a few peaks,which is corresponding to the conduction current and displacement current.

郑渊洁是杨鹏的偶像，杨鹏从小学二年级开始读郑渊洁童话，他对皮皮鲁近乎痴迷。杨鹏曾在多个场合谈论起自己的成长经历：“小学二年级，第一次读到郑渊洁老师的《脏话收购站》，我就认定写作是我未来一定要走的路。”

With the applied voltage and measured current of figure 5(a)and equations(1)–(7),the discharge parameters,Ug,Ig,Ud,Id,Pt,Pg,and Pdof AC coaxial DBD at 11 kV peak voltage and 9.5kHz frequency are obtained and shown in figure 6.It can be seen that the peak values of Ptis about 280 W,Pdis about 190W and Pgis about 90 W,which means most of the power deposited into the dielectric barrier other than plasma generation.

Figure 7.The calculated Ugand Ig(a),the calculated Udand Id(b),and the corresponding Pt,Pd,and Pg(c)with 21 kV and 1 kHz.

Figure 8.The variations ofPt ,Pg ,Pdand η of(a)AC coaxial DBD and(b)ns pulsed coaxial DBD at various applied voltages.

Figure 9.The 2D temperature pro files of the outside wall of(a)AC coaxial DBD and(b)ns pulsed coaxial DBD.

With the applied voltage and measured current of figure 5(b),Ug,Ig,Ud,Id,Pt,Pg,and Pdof ns pulsed coaxial DBD at 21 kV peak voltage and 1kHz PRF are obtained and shown in figure 7.It can be seen that the peak values of Ptis about 250kW,Pdis about 120 kW and Pgis about 160 kW,which are much higher than those of the AC coaxial DBD.It means that the ns pulsed coaxial DBD has a much higher power deposited into air gap than the AC coaxial DBD to generate plasma.

The energy Efficiency of the coaxial DBD is calculated as:

Table 1.Parameters of the different materials of the coaxial DBD reactor.

2.7　105 ρ (kg m−3)　2700　2650　2650　1.29 CP(J kg−1k−1)　880　800　800　1400 mCP(J k−1)　59.4　21.2　74.2　0.05 Aluminum powder　Internal quartz tube　External quartz tube　Air V(m3)　　×　-2.5　105　　×　-1　105　　×　-3.5　105　　×　-

Figure 10.The variations of the outside wall temperatures of AC and ns pulsed coaxial DBD reactor as a function of operating time.

Figure 11.The sectional view of DBD reactor for thermal analysis.

4.3.Operating temperature

In practical applications,the operation temperature of the coaxial DBD reactor is a key factor for the selection of dielectric barrier material,reactor lifetime,heat loss,and treatment effects.To extend the coaxial DBD reactor lifetime and reduce the cost of the reactor,the operation temperature should remain at a low level.The two-dimensional temperature pro files of the outside wall temperature of the coaxial DBD reactor driven by AC and ns pulse power supplies after 900s operation are obtained by placing the IR camera perpendicular to the axis of tube and are shown in figures 9(a)and(b),respectively.The discharge conditions are selected with the most power output,which are close to the practical operation conditions.The peak voltage of the AC coaxial DBD is 12.5kV and the frequency is 9.5 kHz and the peak voltage of the ns pulsed coaxial DBD is 24 kV and the PRF is 1kHz.The highest temperatures of the outside wall(marked on figure 9)of AC and ns pulsed coaxial DBD reactor are 158.0 °C and 64.3 °C,respectively.

Figure 10 shows the variation of the outside wall temperatures of the AC and ns pulsed coaxial DBD reactor with the operation time.It can be seen that the temperatures rise gradually with the operation time and reach thermal balance with a time about 900s.Moreover,the temperature of the ns pulsed coaxial DBD reactor is much lower than that of the AC coaxial DBD reactor.It is because there is more energy consumed on the dielectric layer of the AC coaxial DBD

5.Discussion

To further analyze the heat loss of the coaxial DBD reactor excited by AC and ns pulse and provide guidance for practical application,the thermal balance analysis is carried out with a heat conduction model[31]as follows.The sectional view of the coaxial DBD reactor for thermal analysis is shown in figure 11,where Riis the inner radius of the external quartz tube,Ro,is the outer radius of the internal quartz tube,Te,Tog,and Texare the temperatures at the surface of the internal quartz tube,inner surface of the external quartz tube,and the outer electrode.It assumes that part of the total input power is used to produce the plasma and the rest is consumed by the dielectric layer as heat loss.

According to the above equations,the instantaneous total power input,Pt,can be calculated as following:

where miandCPiare respectively the mass and the specific heat of aluminum powder,internal quartz tube,external quartz tube,and gas.The volume,density,specific heat,and heat capacity of aluminum powder,internal quartz tube,external quartz tube,and gas are given in table 1.The total heat capacity is 154.85J K−1.

Where V is the volume of each part,ρis the density,CPi is specific heat capacity of each part,and miCPiis the heat capacity.The energy consumption on the dielectric layer converts to heat and transfers to the environment.When the heat produced in the coaxial DBD reactor is equal to the heat released,the temperature of the coaxial DBD reactor reaches a balance state.The heat conduction model of the coaxial DBD is expressed as follows:

Table 2.The heat parameters of AC and ns pulsed coaxial DBD reactor.

Pt(W)　　ΔPog(W)　Tog(°C)　Te(°C)　　η1(%)AC coaxial DBD reactor　8395.2　90.9　65.9　158　461　72.5 ns pulsed coaxial DBD reactor　1992.8　34.5　10.9　64.3　114　31.6 We(J)

whereΔPogis the heat loss that the reactor releases into the environment.It can be calculated by the equation(16)[31].Pe andPogare the instantaneous heat consumption of the internal and the external quartz tubes.ΔPeis the heat released by the internal quartz tube.Pe1andPog1are the total heat consumption of the internal and the external quartz tubes and L is the length of the outer electrode.According to a simple heat conduction model developed by Sadat and Dubus[31],we can calculate the radial variation of temperature by the following expression:

where T is the radial temperature,A is a constant,λ is the thermal conductivity(air:0.025 Wm−1°C−1),and r is radius.Because the outer electrode is very thin,the temperature at the outer surface,Tex,can be assumed to be equal to Tog.When the steady state is reached,the heat absorbed by the reactor is equal to the heat released by the external quartz tube,leads to the following solution:

The temperature at the surface of the inter electrode can be calculated by the equations(16)and(18).During the experiment,the temperature is 20°C.The heat of the internal quartz tube,We,can be calculated by the equation(19).

The heat loss rate can be calculated by the following definition.

The calculated heat of the internal quartz tube,the average power consumption of the DBD reactor,the heat loss into the environment,the temperature at the inner surface of the external quartz tube(Tog)and the inter electrode(Te),and the calculated heat loss rate are summarized in table 2.It can be seen that the temperatures of the internal and the external quartz tubes in the AC coaxial DBD reactor are higher than that in the ns pulsed coaxial DBD reactor,which result in most of energy of the AC coaxial DBD is used for heating and the ns pulsed coaxial DBD has a much higher energy Efficiency than the AC coaxial DBD.

6.Conclusions

The discharge characteristics of coaxial DBD driven by high voltage AC and ns pulse power supply are obtained and compared including the discharge uniformity,average power consumption,energy Efficiency,and operating temperature.From the observation of optical images,the ns pulsed coaxial DBD is more uniform than the AC coaxial DBD,which can improve the treatment effects and avoid the overheating of the reactor.The operating temperatures of coaxial DBD reactors excited AC and ns pulse are recorded by IR camera that the ns pulsed coaxial DBD has a much lower operation temperature,64.3 °C,than AC coaxial DBD,158 °C,after 900 s operation.The lower operating temperature is more suitable for long time operation in the large-scale industrial applications.An equivalent electrical model and a heat conduction model are used to analyze the power consumption,the energy Efficiency,and the heat loss of reactor.It is found that the ns pulsed coaxial DBD has a much higher instantaneous power deposition in air gap than AC coaxial DBD.The energy Efficiency of the ns pulsed coaxial DBD can reach 68.4%.While,the energy Efficiency of the AC coaxial DBD is below 30%.Most of the energy in AC coaxial DBD is used to heat the reactor and the temperature of the inner dielectric barrier of AC coaxial DBD is also much higher than that of ns pulsed coaxial DBD.The findings are important to understand the discharge mechanisms of AC and ns pulsed coaxial DBD.The results also can provide important experimental references to control the discharge properties,optimize the reactor design,and improve the performance of coaxial DBD reactors in industrial applications.

This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51777091 and 51677083).

近年来，我国汽车行业的发展态势良好，在国际上都占有一定的地位和优势，决定了专业的汽车营销人才在未来的很长一段时间内都具有良好的就业和发展前景，这也给院校汽车营销教学提供了很好的发展契机。与此同时，随着我国市场经济体制的不断变革，汽车营销市场的复杂性和多变性程度不断提升，汽车学院需要时刻把握市场变化调整人才培养模式，在进行专业的汽车和营销知识的教学过程中，还要注重学生心理和身体素质、沟通能力、以及团队协作能力等的培养，全面提升学生的综合素质和能力。

References

[1]Wang T et al 2012 Plasma Chem.Plasma Process.32 1189

[2]Liang W J et al 2011 J.Electrostat.69 206

[3]Chen J and Xie Z M 2013 J.Hazard.Mater.261 38

[4]Shao T et al 2014 Appl.Phys.Lett.105 071607

[5]Yang G Q,Zhang G J and Zhang W Y 2011 Plasma Sci.Technol.13 617

[6]Mastanaiah N et al 2013 Plasma Process.Polym.10 1120

[7]Eto H et al 2008 Plasma Process.Polym.5 269

[8]Sung Y M and Sakoda T 2005 Surf.Coat.Technol.197 148

[9]Fang Z et al 2008 J.Electrostat.66 421

[10]Tu X et al 2011 J.Phys.D:Appl.Phys.44 274007

[11]Tu X and Whitehead J C 2012 Appl.Catal.B 125 439

[12]Peters F et al 2016 Plasma Sci.Technol.18 406

[13]Ma H B et al 2002 Plasma Chem.Plasma Process.22 239

[14]Kolb T et al 2012 Plasma Chem.Plasma Process.32 1139

[15]Dou B J et al 2013 J.Electrostat.71 939

[16]De Geyter N et al 2007 Surf.Coat.Technol.201 7066

[17]Wang C Q,Zhang G X and Wang X X 2012 Vacuum 86 960

[18]Yang D Z et al 2013 Appl.Phys.Lett.102 194102

[19]Shao T et al 2008 J.Phys.D:Appl.Phys.41 215203

[20]Shao T et al 2011 Plasma Sci.Technol.13 591

[21]Zhang L et al 2017 Plasma Sci.Technol.19 064006

[22]Jiang H et al 2011 IEEE Trans.Plasma Sci.39 2076

[23]Zhang S et al 2013 J.Appl.Phys.114 163301

[24]Kettlitz M et al 2013 Plasma Sources Sci.Technol.22 025003

[25]Williamson J M et al 2006 J.Phys.D:Appl.Phys.39 4400

[26]Liu S H and Neiger M 2001 J.Phys.D:Appl.Phys.34 1632

[27]Liu S H and Neiger M 2003 J.Phys.D:Appl.Phys.36 3144

[28]Zhang C et al 2013 IEEE Trans.Dielectr.Electr.Insul.20 1304

[29]Pipa A V et al 2012 Rev.Sci.Instrum.83 075111

[30]Liu F,Huang G and Ganguly B 2010 Plasma Sources Sci.Technol.19 045017

[31]Sadat H et al 2009 Appl.Therm.Eng.29 1259

[32]Sadat H et al 2010 J.Electrostat.68 27