Japanese companies and research institutions have been working with cellulose nanofibers(CNFs) for more than 20 years and stand in the forefront of the materials’ technology and application development. In the last decade, the Chinese research institutions that major in pulp and paper, wood chemistry, and polymer research have been vigorously researching CNF. Here, a brief overview of the nanocellulose research exchange activities between China and Japan was given.

1 Research exchange activities

The Japan Nanocellulose Forum (JNCF) was established in 2014 in Japan with the focus of strengthening the cooperation between industries, universities, and the government.JNCF manages common problems such as global standardization and risk assessment as well as collaboration with stakeholders in foreign countries.

The Nanocellulose and Materials Committee of the China Technical Association of Paper Industry (NMC-CTAPI) was established in 2015 with the purpose of promoting the exchanges and co-operation among researchers in the fields of pulp and paper, forest products, and nanomaterials technologies.

节奏感是素描表现中较为重要的因素之一，它是突出作品情感，增强作品感染力的主要手段，而“线”的起伏、波动常常会给观者以节奏上的共鸣，犹如生活融入了诗歌，生命注入了激情。保罗克利说：“一根漂亮的线条具有这种被一系列基本拉力单位所牵引延长的感觉，这种拉力则有着节奏功能。”

JNCF, highly active in both research and academic communication, holds many international and national academic symposiums or exhibitions every year. The NMCCTAPI hosted the first international symposium on nanocellulosic materials in May 2017,in Hangzhou, China. The second one will be held in May 2019 in Tianjin, China.

Nippon Paper Industries developed a high deodorization seat, which holds the metal ions with the antibacterial deodorization effect on the huge surface of TEMPO oxidized CNF. The deodorization power is triple that of conventional products.

In March 2017, JNCF organized the 9th technical seminar in Shinagawa, Tokyo. The program consisted of 2 invited reports by Professor Shiyu Fu, South China University of Technology, and me. The titles were “Research on nanocellulose-based nanocomposites”and “Nanocellulose research and industrialization in CAS”, respectively.

For DAIO Paper Corporation, the originally developed CNF produced by the energy-saving process was combined with a toilet seat paper cleaner for the first time ever. It was marketed since April 2017. This product is hard to tear compared to other existing products.

On June 3-7, 2019, Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) will organize the TAPPI Nanotech Conference 2019 in Chiba, Japan. I have been invited as a co-chair of this conference with professor Akira Isogai, president of the Nanocellulose Forum,Japan, professor of the University of Tokyo, Alan Rudie,USDA Forest Products Laboratory, USA, Lars Berglund,KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden, and Nathalie Lavoine, North Carolina State University, USA.

田把车开到了城郊的一个广场边没有行人的地方。田坐在驾驶位处拿双手伏着方向盘等女人说话。女人则坐在车后座上低头沉思，她的一只手始终放在手包里，握着她用惯了的那把手术刀。她知道手术刀的锋利程度，这把刀她用了无数次，那都是她在为她的患者解除痛苦。她还设想着今天也要在“田科”这个她认定了的患者身上用一次，可却是为她的男朋友复仇。

2 Progress in fabrication and application of nanocellulose

钢渣作为建筑材料集料可以大比例利用钢渣资源，实现钢渣规模化应用，利用领域包括建筑砂浆、道路和混凝土等。

In November 2016, Dr. Satoshi Hirata, the secretary-general of JNCF, visited Dr. Ruitao Cha, the secretary-general of NMC-CTAPI. At that time, I hosted a mini-symposium in Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry (TIPC), CAS. We had a particularly useful discussion about the China-Japan collaboration for R & D of nanocellulose.

For ONKYO SC-3(B) 2-way speaker system, a new vibration board using CNF is applied. The response is good and encourages the upgrade of low tone reproduction.Pioneer Co. is sealing up type dynamic stereo headphones.A new driver is developed in which CNF is used for the vibration board. Broadband reproduction (5 Hz～85 kHz)in correspondence with a high-resolution sound source is possible.

On December 7-9, 2017, I was invited to organize more than 20 Chinese members from both research institutions and companies to attend the Nanocellulose Exhibition 2017. In this exhibition, various kinds of research and development, manufacturing technologies, and nanocellulose utilization studies were presented. Further, a business zone was designed to promote business negotiations and matching of active exchanges in this industry, and the latest information and topics related to nanocellulose were provided in the form of seminars facilitated by experts, researchers, and corporate representatives.

Daicel Fine Chem Co. started industrial production of “CELISH”, a micro-fibrillated cellulose, in 1990. It is refined by only physical processing using the Gaulin homogenizer as 10% to 35% aqueous suspension. The diameter of the fiber is 10～100 nm. Application includes:binder for powders or fibers, reinforcing materials for paper, texture improvement of food, filtering aid for alcohol and beverages, water-holding improvement of cosmetics and so forth.

Since 2015, Mitsubishi Pencil Co. has been producing TEMPO oxidized CNF, trade name “Leo Christa” by DKS Co., which was used as an ink thickener.

Koyo Kasei Co. sells 3 kinds of cosmetics using rose essence and carboxymethylated CNF as a moisturizing ingredient. This nanofiber is supplied by Nippon Paper Industries. Koyo Kasei is a manufacturer of wet wipes, not cosmetics. ASICS, the largest manufacturer of sporting goods in Japan, announced that new running shoes, GELKAYANO 25, were developed and available for sale from August 2018. CNF composites are used as raw materials for the mid-sole (middle cushioning between former cover and the sole), which increase the strength and durability by approximately 20% and 7%, respectively, while maintaining lightness. The composite is supplied by Seiko PMC corporation.

Professor Haipeng Yu’s research group at Northeast Forestry University have achieved many good results related to the preparation of nanocellulose. Their research includes the extraction of CNF using chemical pretreatments combined with high intensity ultrasonic techniques and application of nanocellulose in the environment and biomedical fields.

Universities and research institutes in China are actively engaged in the application of nanocellulose.Generally speaking, China has more research institutions and achievements but less enterprises participating in the production of nanocellulose compared to Japan.

此外Inmarsat公司还宣布，将动用12亿美元投资建设Inmarsat第5代星(I-5)。Inmarsat I-5卫星采用波音公司成熟的702HP卫星平台，星上有89个Ka转发器，支持Inmarsat公司即将组建的全球快讯(Global Xpress)移动业务。Global Xpress将是首个完成全球覆盖的Ka频段系统，可提供全球覆盖、无缝的通信服务，最大通信速度可达50 Mbit/s，且用户终端大小仅有24.2 cm×19.0 cm×1.0 cm。[19]

Professor Guigan Fang’s research group at the Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products has focused on the preparation of nanocellulose and environment-friendly bio-based thermosetting polymer materials. The products can be used as multi-function fillers, green catalysts, and water treatment materials or in some sensor devices.

Professor Shiyu Fu’s research group at South China University of Technology and Professor Jin Huang’s group at Southwest University focus mainly on the modification and functionalization of nanocellulose. Dr. Ruitao Cha et al also developed nanocrystalline cellulose films with highly transparent and oxygen barrier properties.

他假惺惺地对小乌龟说，马上就要开运动会了，我告诉你一个跑步的秘诀，说不定你就可以得到冠军，按照规定得了金杯，你就有权选择自己喜欢的生活了。想干什么都可以，没人会管你。

Based on basic research, our group at TIPC, CAS, is co-operating with Ji’nan Shengquan Group Co. to make full use of agricultural wastes for industrial application of nanocellulose.

叶舒宪指出：“原型是人类长期的心理积淀中未被直接感知到的集体无意识的呈现，因而是作为潜在的无意识进入创作过程的。但它们又必须得到外化，最终呈现一种‘原始意象’，在远古的时候表现为神话形象，然后再不同时期通过艺术在无意识中激活转变为艺术形象。”[2]神话原型中出现了最初的意象，后世作品多会受它影响。这就意味着作者对红铜色月亮情境的设置并不是独创的，只不过是对先前意识的一种借鉴。是作者吸收了前人的经验，再结合自身心理感知，对的二次艺术构思。

We are looking forward to displaying more Chinese nanocellulose products in the future.