1 Introduction

The Nansha Islands, located in the southern South China Sea between 4˚-12˚N and made up of more than 230 islands, reefs and sandbanks, has extremely high marine biodiversity. More than 500 mollusks have been reported there (Chen, 2003). Benthos resources investigations on the Nansha Islands and on the other islands in the South China Sea have been continuously performed for decades. Recently, dozens of new species and new records of Mollusca were reported from this area (Sun and Zhang, 2014; Zhang and Zhang, 2014, 2015; Chen et al.,2016). While examining the seashell specimens collected from the Nansha Islands deposited at the Marine Biodiversity Collections of South China Sea, Chinese Academy of Sciences, we found three gastropod species of three families have never been recorded from this area: Cerithium salebrosum Sowerby II, 1855, Vexillum militare(Reeve, 1845) and Vexillum bizonale (Dautzenberg et Bouge, 1923). In this contribution, we reported and illustrated these species, and also discussed their identification characteristics, taxonomy and faunal characteristics.

1.5 患者管理 入院时注意对患者进行护理告知及入院宣教，入院后应有基本医师管理和查房、沟通机制或渠道。科室定期开展相应讲座，加强患者疾病认识和自身管理。术后应有基本监护措施，建立随访本或随访档案，进行后续随访。

2 Materials and Methods

All the specimens examined were deposited in the Ma rine Biodiversity Collections of South China Sea, Chinese Academy of Sciences (abbreviated SCSMBC), Guangzhou, China, and all of them were collected from Mriji Reef (9˚55´N, 115˚32´E), Nansha Islands, China, in the benthos resources investigations on the intertidal zone of islands and reefs in the South China Sea during 2010-2015. The distribution of the three new records based on the collection data in the South China Sea are shown in Fig.1.

纳入的18个临床参数分别为：年龄，性别，T分期，N分期，分级，组织学类型，治疗前血清EBV DNA，VCA-IgA，EA-IgA，C反应蛋白（CRP），乳酸脱氢酶（LDH），血红蛋白（HGB），血小板计数（PLT），中性粒细胞计数/白细胞计数（NWR）,中性粒细胞计数/淋巴细胞计数（NLR），白蛋白/碱性磷酸酶比率（ALB/ALP），同步放化疗，诱导化疗。

Fig.1 Collection locality in the South China Sea.

For each registered specimen number, collection locality, date and collectors were provided. Measurements were made point-to-point with a vernier caliper to nearest 0.01 mm. Photographs were taken with a Nikon S3300 camera.

3 Taxonomy

Distribution and habitat Nansha Islands, China; Fiji;the Philippines. Occurs in subtidal zone to 10-25 m deep(Poppe et al., 2008b).

1．CTLA-4抑制剂：CTLA-4(CD152)是第一个临床靶向治疗的免疫检查点受体，属于CD28受体家族，可以调节早期阶段T 细胞的活性，在CD8+和CD4+ T细胞表面表达。CTLA-4可以在免疫提呈细胞(APCs)上与B7.1(CD80)和B7.2(CD86)相结合。由于其更强的活性，它可以替代共刺激受体CD28，通过阻止CD28配体的共刺激效应，抑制细胞活性，降低IL-2的产生，激活免疫抑制作用，减弱免疫反应。胰腺癌肿瘤微环境中调节性T细胞(Tregs)和灭活效应T细胞(Teffs)增加，并增加了共刺激分子的负性表达。

Order Mesogastropoda Thiele, 1925

Family Cerithiidae Fleming, 1822

Genus Cerithium Bruguière, 1789

Cerithium Bruguière, 1789: 15.

1.6.1 对于本次统计分析做如下定义：将患者确诊CRPC定义为起始事件；将患者死于CRPC定义为终止事件；将患者确诊CRPC至死于CRPC或随访结束的时间间隔定义为生存时间，以月计算。将①失访；②患者因CRPC以外的原因死亡；③观察结束时患者仍存活3种情况作截尾数据处理。

Vexillum militare (Reeve, 1845) (Fig.3)

因此，针对黑龙江省寒区水稻，设置了3种典型的渗漏强度，开展不同渗漏强度下的寒地水稻控灌试验，分析不同渗漏强度对水稻生长发育及产量特征的影响，探讨渗漏强度对寒区水稻节水灌溉田间水分管理的影响，为寒区水稻节水灌溉技术的应用以及今后与控制排水技术联合开展节水减排的试验研究提供借鉴。

Ischnocerithium Thiele, 1929: 212.

Type species Cerithium adansonii Bruguière, 1792, by subsequent designation (Melville, ICZN Opinion 1109,1978: 97-98); = Cerithium erythraeonense Lamarck,1822 = Cerithium nodulosum Bruguière, 1792

Diagnosis Shell turreted to ovate, sculptured with variously varices, axial ribs, and spiral cords ornamented with nodes; aperture ovate with crenulated outer lip, anal canal distinct, siphonal canal recurved, moderately extended.

Remarks Genus Cerithium comprises a large group of highly morphologically variable species. These species have been grouped by several malacologists into numerous genus-group or sub genus-group taxa. Most of these taxa are regarded as synonyms of Cerithium (Houbrick,1992).

Cerithium species span a broad variety of habitats,from hard substrates, algal mats or grass beds in intertidal zone to sandy, rubbly or coral subtidal zone, even to the deep-water. The recent species in the genus are reported spreading from the Indo-Pacific to Eastern Pacific, from the Western Atlantic to Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean (Houbrick, 1974, 1992; Tröndlé & Boutet, 2009).

Cerithium salebrosum G. B. Sowerby II, 1855 (Fig.2)

Cerithium salebrosum G. B. Sowerby II, 1855: 862, pl.181, figs. 114, 115; Cernohorsky, 1972: 65, pl. 14, fig.9;Poppe et al., 2008a: 292-293, pl. 91, fig.10; Tröndlé &Boutet, 2009, 570: 15.

Fig.2 Cerithium salebrosum G. B. Sowerby II, 1855. a,ventral view; b, lateral view; c, dorsal view; shell length =18.60 mm.

Type location Lord Hood’s Island, Polynesia.

综上所述，在乳腺癌患者中实施MRI诊断的方式显著提升了患者的检出率，进而可以使患者得到及时的治疗，由此可知，MRI诊断的方式在乳腺癌患者中具有较好的推广价值。

Material examined SCSMBC008016, 1 shell, 9˚55´N,115˚32´E, Meiji Reef, Nansha Islands, Shi Wei and Gong Li collected, Nov. 2015.

Material examined SCSMBC008018, 1 shell, 9˚55´N,115˚32´E, Meiji Reef, Nansha Islands, Shi Wei and Gong Li collected, Nov. 2015.

城镇人均居住面积由1978年每人平均3.6平方米提升至2017年每人平均23.7平方米，城镇住房总面积由1978年的6.2亿平方米增长至2017年的192.86亿平方米。如图8所示。

Distribution and habitat Nansha Islands, China. Pacific, the Philippines, Fiji, Polynesia. Shallow water 40-120 m deep (Poppe et al., 2008a)

Remarks The species is rare and easily recognized by its slender shell with scabrous sculpture. Cerithium species are only occasionally infaunal; indeed, of all shallow-water species, only Cerithium salebrosum is a true infaunal sand dweller (Houbrick, 1992).

Order Neogastropoda Wenz, 1938

Family Costellariidae MacDonald, 1860

Genus Vexillum Röding, 1798

企业的法务部门在提供合同法律服务、合同审核把关的同时，应当建立完善的合同专用章使用和保管的制度。合同应该经过编号、审批、企业法定代表人或其授权的代理人签署后方可加盖合同专用章。法务部门应该根据合同签定单位、业务类别、合同期限等要素进行编号，统一归口保存、归档。法务部门应该加强合同信息安全保密工作。不得以任何形式泄露合同订立与履行过程中涉及的商业秘密或者国家秘密。为合同订立、履行、监控等“上锁”。

Type locality Island of Ticao, Philippines.

Costellaria Swainson, 1840: 320.Pusia Swainson, 1840: 320.

Type speciesVexillum plicatum Röding, 1798, by subsequent designation (Woodring 1928); = Voluta plicaria Linnaeus, 1758 = Vexillumplicarium (Linnaeus, 1758).

Diagnosis Shell sculptured axial ribs, aperture narrow,outer lip plicaed inside, columella with strong folds.

Remarks With the most numerous species in the Costellariidae, genus Vexillum was subdivided into several subgenera (Herrmann et al., 2014). But the separation into subgenera is not always accepted (Bouchet et al.,2011), and subgeneric classification is not adopted here.Its recent distribution ranges from the Indo-Pacific to Polynesia (Tröndlé & Boutet, 2009; Herrmann et al.,2014).

Contumax Hedley, 1899: 436-437, fig.25.

Mitra militaris Reeve, 1845, 8: 48.

Lin Z、Chen Y 等[25]研究了居民生活满意度与旅游业开发之间的关系，研究证明居民感知的旅游经济文化社会价值对生活满意度具有正向影响；刘庆强等[26]对农民感知价值与农村新居民满意度之间的关系进行实证研究发现，农民感知功能价值、感知情感价值和感知社会价值均显著地提升了新居民农民满意度。从智慧城市建设角度出发，市民对智慧城市建设的满意度可通过市民自身的感知价值体现出来，对城市智慧化服务的价值感知程度越高，市民对城市建设的不满抱怨就越少，从而达到提高市民满意度的目的。因此，假设：

Vexillum (Costellaria) militare (Reeve): Turner, 2001: 44.Vexillum coronense Cate, 1968: 88, pl. 2, figs.5a, b:Turner, 2001: 26.

Vexillum militaris (Reeve): Cernohorsky, 1965: 131, pl.21, fig.103; Springsteen and Leobrera, 1986: 208, pl. 57,fig.17.

Vexillum militare (Reeve): Poppe, et al., 2008b: 280-281,pl. 435, figs.7-8.

Vexillum Röding, 1798: 138.

Diagnosis Shell small, turriform and slender, up to 18.60 mm in length. Spire high, whorls slightly shouldered; body whorl with one varices. Shell yellowish white,early whorls rahter darker in color. Surface sculptured with angulate axial ribs and prominent spiral cord which knots on the axial ribs. Aperture small, ovate; outer lip incrassated at the edge, inner lip thin, smooth; anterior canal short and recurved.

Vexillum (Pusia) bizonale (Dautzenberg et Bouge): Turner,2001: 20.

Fig.3 Vexillum militare (Reeve, 1845). a, ventral view; b,lateral view; c, dorsal view; shell length = 23.00 mm.

Class Gastropoda Cuvier, 1795

Remarks This species is rare and readily distinguished by the rich broad crimson-red band which encircles the last whorl. It is similar to Vexillum coronatum (Helbling,1779), but the former has no nodule on the axial ribs at the shoulder as those in the latter.

Vexillum bizonale (Dautzenberg et Bouge, 1923) (Fig.4)Mitra aureolata var. bizonalis Dautzenberg et Bouge,1923: 222, pl. 2.

Diagnosis Shell medium sized, elongate-fusiform,23.00 mm in length. Spire acuminated, sutures rather deep,straight-sided whorls sharply shouldered, sculptured with rounded axial ribs, interspace with numerous fine spiral lines, contracted at the base, granulated with axial and spiral sculpture. Shell white, the body whorl encircled with one broad orange band. Aperture narrow, white inside; outer lip thin, lirate within; columella with four folds; anterior canal recurved.

教师可以引导学生体会语言的“动作性”，比如周朴园说，“梅家有一个年轻的小姐，很贤慧，也很规矩”，这样的话对侍萍是一种思想情感上的推动。美化身份这一举动暗示着周朴园内心有算盘，有隐情，它激活了鲁侍萍。此时鲁侍萍已从对周朴园的心理期待慢慢变成与周朴园的心理交锋。所以她说了一些冷话，“可是她不是小姐，她也不贤慧，而且听说是不大规矩的”。这些话立刻推动了情节的发展，更重要的是推动了周朴园内心的起伏和变化。被揭短的周朴园汗涔涔的，当侍萍的身份在不知情的人前被揭示出来时，周朴园心惊肉跳地说：“你姓什么？”

Mitra affinis Reeve, 1844a, 12: 186-187; 1844b: pl. 27, sp.211.

还真是报应，我在前一秒对那个女孩表示了鄙视之后，下一秒就看到那个和她眉目传情的家伙就是，我的男朋友，秦明。不过已经无所谓，因为下一刻，他就会被我称作，前男友。我在最后一刻还是犯了所有小女人都犯的矫情的毛病——我要和他在我们最初见面的地方说分手。

Vexillum bizonale (Dautzenberg et Bouge): Poppe et al.,2008b: 290-291, pl. 440, figs.4-5.

Fig.4 Vexillum bizonale (Dautzenberg et Bouge, 1923). a,ventral view; b, lateral view; c, dorsal view; shell length =16.30 mm.

Type locality New Caledonia.

Material examined SCSMBC008019, 1 shell, 9˚55´N,115˚32´E, Meiji Reef, Nansha Islands, Shi Wei and Gong Li collected, Nov. 2015.

Diagnosis shell small, elongate-ovate, up to 16.30 mm in length. Spire short conical, suture distinct, whorls convex and slightly shouldered at sutures; body whole about 1/2 of the shell. Shell sculptured with numerous coarse axial and overring spiral fine grooves, forming nodules on the base of the body whole. Creamy white in color with one orange subsutural band on the spiral wholes, two on the body whole. Aperture narrow, white inside; outer lip broken, lirate within; with four folds on the columella.

Distribution and habitat The Nansha Islands, China,rare; the Philippines; Subtidal zone to 20-25 m deep(Poppe et al., 2008b).

Remarks This species was originally represented as a subspecies of Mitra aureolata Reeve, 1844 (now accepted as Vexillum aureolatum) (Reeve, 1844a). Cernohosky(1965) took this subspecies as a synonym of aureolata,and he considered that Tiara multicostata Broderip, 1835(now widely accepted as Vexillum multicostatum) may be a variant and would be the earliest possible name applicable to the species. Sadly, Cernohosky did not further verify this inference in his later study. And no other malacologist confirms this synonymization. Vexillum aureolatum and Vexillum bizonale are still considered as valid.

母亲直接哺乳是早产儿、低体重儿的喂养原则和目标，在直接哺乳非常困难的时候，可以用器具进行口腔运动训练，尽快实现经口喂养，尽早过渡到母亲直接哺乳。

4 Discussion

The Mollusca fauna of the Nansha Islands belongs to the Southern South China Sea Tropical Biotic Subregion of the IndoPacific Warmwater Biotic Region (Liu, 2008).The species composition closely relates to those found in the Philippines. The three recorded species is only reported in the Nansha Islands in China. They have not spread northward to other China seas, nor to Japanese waters. All three species were found in the Philippines(Springsteen and Leobrera, 1986; Poppe et al., 2008a, b).Cerithium salebrosum can be found in Polynesia. Organisms living in the tropics have the characters of a variety of species with a low number of individuals and low biomass (Liu and Tang, 1962; Zhang and Qi, 1962).Many more species new to science or to this area could be found, if investigation on benthos is reinforced in the Nansha Islands.

MDOS出现雨量疑误信息的原因是多方面的，如软件精度不同，仪器或通讯故障，人为因素等等，这就要求台站的工作人员能认真查询核实数据，确定原因，熟练掌握MDOS平台的使用方法，及时准确反馈疑误信息，保证雨量数据准确、完整的采集和上传，以满足现代气象业务对气象资料在完整性、时效性、一致性和高质量方面的要求。[4]

5 Acknowledgements

The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41406185), the Special Funds for the Young Scholars of Taxonomy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. ZSBR-010) and the Special Program for Basic Research of the Ministry of Science and Technology, China (No. 2012FY112400, No.2013FY111200). We wish to thank Dr. KONG Xiaoyu(South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Dr. Roger H. Goodwill and Dr.Sanom Goodwill (Brigham Young University–Hawaii)for providing helpful comments on the manuscript, and Dr. WU Meng (Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology) for help with literature. We are also grateful to the anonymous reviewers.

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