Cosmetics are substances used to enhance the appearance of the face and skin or fragrance of the human body. Cosmetics were also used in ancient Egypt, China,and India, etc. Some cosmetics are medicine. The ancient Greeks were the first to separate medicine and cosmetics from religious. The cosmetics applied to the face are often called makeup.

Thailand is famous for its casmetic manufacturing industry as most of the ingredients used are completely organic which are aquired from all over the world.

Thai cosmetics development periods

The cosmetics in Thailand (or Siam the form name)has development since the establishment of Sukhothai Kingdom, technology and fashion related to cosmetics also changed over time.

实验设备包括联想PC一台,RED5型号眼动设备一套,最高采样频率500Hz,主机显示分辨率为1280×1024像素,屏幕亮度调整为300cd/m2,被试眼睛与屏幕的距离约为60cm,屏幕中央与被试的眼高基本水平.实验界面由Experimental软件呈现,眼动数据由软件自动记录,并利用BeGaze软件进行眼动数据分析.

Thai ancient cosmetics period (1238～1782)

The history of ancient Thai can be divided into 3 parts periods: 1) Sukhothai Kingdom; 2) Ayutthaya Kingdomand; 3) Thonburi Kingdom. There are only a few historic evidences of cosmetics of Thai ancient period, but some evidences such as painting art of ancient reveal the use of natural product as cosmetics among royal family and noble. Example of ancient cosmetic use listed as follows:

• Coconut oil was used in hair lotion;

• Tamarind paste & turmeric was used in body scrub;

The quality and use safety of cosmetics products are very important to the consumer.

The governmenttry tries to bring the OTOP product to the international market. And the Thai government enacted many laws and regulations to control the safety use and guarantee top quality products to the customers.

C语言属于一种高级的计算机编程语言，通过利用C语言可以编写计算机应用程序，早期的应用软件很多都是通过C语言完成开发的。包括目前的IT开发领域，很多都是以C语言为基础发展而来的高级语言。该门课程主要阐明了基本的编程思想、方法和理念，是学生学习其他高级语言的基础。C语言教学过程非常注重对实践能力的锻炼和提升。学生要将自己编写的代码输入计算机，由计算机来判断代码的准确性。

• Flowers were used on hair such as jasmine (Jasminum sambac), Gardenia jasmine (Gardenia angusta), chumpaca(Magnolia chumpaca), etc;

• Collecting scale insect, Ceylon spinach fruit and mineral cinnabar to make red dye ;

• Marl of white clay was used in face powder;

氮气气氛下，C钢渣和S钢渣的TG-DSC曲线见图3。由TG曲线可以得出，在100～1000 ℃温度范围内，C钢渣和S钢渣没有明显的重量变化，C钢渣最大增重为0.27%，S钢渣最大增重为1.14%。C钢渣和S钢渣的DSC曲线平滑，没有明显的放热峰和吸热倒峰，可以判断在加热过程中，没有发生吸热和放热反应。综合TG-DSC曲线分析，C钢渣和S钢渣在100～1000 ℃温度范围内具有很好的热稳定性。CALVET等[18]也得到了相似的结论。

• Bergamot or Kaffir lime juice was used to clean hair.

可见，图片中的拍摄人员和云台都已经被处理掉，航拍图片的天空也融合得很自然，与周围的图像并没有太多的不协调。处理过的图片可以直接用于场景制作。

Figure1. The wall painting in Pumin Temple, Nan province

Figure 2. Thai herb for cosmetics and spa

Thai cosmetics transitional period (1782～1946)

During the Reign of King Rama IV and King Rama V of Rattanakosin Kingdom, it was the starting point of technology, because Thailand was opening to foreign trade and diplomacy. In 1840, the first newspapers of Siam were printed by Dr. Dan Beach Bradley. The newspaper introduced the new knowledge and cosmetics products to high level people in Bangkok.

In 1845, when the camera appeared in Siam(Thailand),photos were printed in books or newspapers. The photos of royal families and the upper class were looked neat and good in the printed books and newspapers, that to be the role model for the ordinary people at that time.

Figure 3. King Rama V with his family

Figure 4. Thailand princess and noble ladies

Thailand’s cosmetics products exported to many countries. The big five exported markets are Japan,Philippines, Australia, Malaysia and Laos.

At that time, Thailand was opening and adopted a lot of new technologies. When the first film came to Thailand,it became popular among Thai people. The film stars were the most impressed fashion-idol for the teenagers and a lot of Thai people who needed to copy the fashion style of the stars and closely follow up including the cosmetics used.

The advertisements which are on the radio and TV,in newspapers and magazines, played the big roles to introduce and promote cosmetics in Thailand. Imported cosmetics were more popular among high society ladies.Thai natural cosmetics used are less popular overtime.There are many new Thai cosmetics brand established during this time such as Srichand powder, Mae leap lip balm, Wisat Niyom toothpaste, etc.

Present

Thai Scientists are specialized in cosmetics science and technologies. The cosmetics industry developed very quickly. In the same time, the awareness chemicals became the new trend.

Figure 5. The VIP and the stars pictures on the newspapers and magazines

Figure 6. The cosmetics advertisements in the newspapers and magazines

Figure 7. A woman who was putting red paper on lip

Figure 8. Ceylon spinach(Basella rubra) fruit

Figure 9. The popular Thai cosmetics brands

Among ASEAN countries, Thailand leads an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) for international cosmetic brands. Thai OEM cosmetic manufacturers can produce premium quelity products. According to the Thai Cosmetic Cluster, there are 762 cosmetic manufacturing plants (520 are SMEs).

Due to increasing awareness of health and wellness among consumers in Thailand, there is a healthy demand for natural and herbal personal care and beauty products.

The Thai government promoted the SMEs and “The One Tambon One product(OTOP) projects”.There are many kinds of cosmetics goods on the market.The campaign “the popular Thais use Thai products”was lunched to support the local products which include cosmetics goods.

• Coconut charcoal was used in eye brow pencil;

笔者认为，对历史悬案作出结论，特别是要推翻一个已经被公认了的史实，必须有足以令人信服和无可辩驳的佐证史料。既要还历史本来面目，更要对今人、后人负责。然而，邹志方先生这短短的 “初仕瑞安” 一节，使得早在清嘉庆版《瑞安县志》，民国版《瑞安县志稿》都已下了结论(未担任瑞安主簿)的话题，变得扑朔迷离起来，制造了历史悬案。特此提供上述史实和本人的认识，与邹志方先生商榷，如有不当之处，祈望斧正。

The well-known Thai cosmetics brands are Giffarine,Mistine, BSC, Cutepess, Srichand, Beauty Buffet and Oriental Princess, etc.

Industry involving cosmetic manufacturing in Thailand is making a breakthrough by producing the best anti-aging facial and eye treatment products, makeup and color cosmetias, innovative beauty and wellness products, men’s grooming, hair restortion and treatment,baby-special products, whitening facial and body skincare products and sunscreen.

Figure 10. The growth of Thai cosmetics market between 2007～2012

source: Jetro Thailand cosmetics and personal care products market research

Export of Thailand’s cosmetics

Later, in the end of the Reign of King Rama V to the Reign of King VIII, Many Thai (high society member)came back to Thai after studying aboard and brought back modernized technology. The modernized chemical products were adopted by Thai society and cosmetics that contain chemicals were accepted.

The big importers are the multinational companies such as P&G, Unilever and Colgate-Palmolive. The big obstacles of cosmetics production are the lack of raw material and the high labor cost.

Table 1. Export of Thailand’s cosmetics, 2015 ～ 2017

From: http://www.ditp.go.th/

Value (US million)Country 2015 2016 2017 (Jan～Mar)Japan 440.85 439.82 136.06 Philippines 189.99 220.69 70.61 Australia 168.21 168.13 55.85 Malaysia 166.16 156.62 50.70 Laos 106.98 125.18 37.49 Myanmar 141.36 141.21 43.40 Vietnam 1,312.71 114.63 35.80 Cambodia 125.42 110.58 40.46 Indonesia 164.26 147.31 53.30 China 104.29 104.03 28.02 Others 711.06 691.76 211.34 Total 3,631.29 2,419.96 763.03

Table 2. Market size of personal care and beauty products in Thailand US millions

Note: Total market size =(total local production + imports) - exports

2016 2017 2018 (Estimated) 2019 (Estimated)Total Local Production 4,864 5,041 5,545 6,099 Total Exports 1,877 2,064 1,473 1,621 Total Imports 944 999 1,098 1,209 Total Market Size 4,365 4,700 5,170 5,687

Cosmetics quality control in Thailand

现阶段10G EPON技术及规划已经成熟并商用。目前主要有对称型和非对称型两种形式。对称型10G EPON技术：上、下行线路速率均为10G；非对称型10G EPON技术：上行线路速率为1.25G，下行线路速率均为10G；考虑到未来业务的发展需求，技术的进步，对称与非对称型设备的造价进一步缩小，业界普遍习惯采用对称型10G EPON进行网络的升级改造。

语文作为我国教育教学的重点学科，对培养提升学生语言文字功力、文学赏析能力、基础文化认知、情感感知能力等具有至关重要的作用。良好的初中语文教学不仅为学生的后期学习发展奠定基础，而且能够塑造学生初期健全的学习观，引导学生形成自主思考、主动学习的良好能力，开拓学生思维，增加学生思维的灵活性。新课改下，教师应积极响应以学生为本的教学目标，注重将学生的学习体验与实践探究纳入教学计划中，了解学生的发展欲望，使初中语文课堂与学生的学习价值观相融合，激发学生的兴趣，调动学生的积极主动性，带领学生深入文学世界，促进学生的不断提升。

Cosmetic Act (No.2) B.E. 2518(1975): repealed.

Cosmetics Act B.E. 2517(1974): repealed.

(6) 一个配变可为多个客户供电,配变和表计之间为一对多的关联关系,即配变可关联多个表计,但表计仅关联一个配变;

Cosmetics Act B.E. 2535 (1992): repealed.

Cosmetic Product Act, B.E. 2558 (2015).

The cosmetic regulation consists of various activities in two major areas: pre-marketing and post-marketing activities.

天风证券通过调查买方，总结出以下观点。当前买方认为，全球经济预期恶化，国际原油价格大幅下跌使得全球经济增速下滑担忧加强。就国内而言，减税、改革、进一步对外开放、基建补短板等措施正在落实，对经济的刺激效果还没有显现出来，市场预期今年四季度、2019年一季度经济惯性恶化加剧，因此从企业基本面而言，中短期尚未见底。从中长期看，天风证券表示并不悲观，与全球资产比，A股的估值有一定吸引力；A股的投资者结构在向好，社保、保险资金、银行理财资金、QFII等不断壮大，成为市场的稳定器；A股的监管环境以及股市配套政策在越来越规范，这有望吸引增量资金进入。

According to the Cosmetic Act of B.E. 2558(2015),the focus of regulation has recently shifted from premarketing to post-marketing. Any product that has pharmaceutical characteristics, affecting or altering the functions or structure of human body or presenting as pharmaceutical products, will be outside the scope of cosmetic regulation. This effort originated on the notion that the utilization of technical requirements and the practice of good manufacturing guidelines can ensure the quality of cosmetic products manufactured.

Strategies for Thailand’s cosmetics export

1) Make the link the cosmetics products and other services such as spa, resort and hotels.

2) Through the expo, international trade show and trade representative committee to expand the exports.

3) The good image is very important to a brand.

4) Green has become a trend for cosmetic.

综上所述，核磁共振对于股骨头坏死的诊断具有很好的发展前景，其效果优于CT检查，在选择诊断方法时，医生要依据患者病情决定，本着细心严谨的工作态度，发挥核磁共振与CT的最大价值。

Conclusion

Thai cosmetics are now well known in the world owing to good quality. Cosmetics export are an important part of economics growth of Thai GDP. Thai cosmetics continue to develop for human health and safety. The cosmetics industry is actually one of the leading industries in Tailand, provinding opportunities for free reginal trade, high productivity and strong competitiveness.Thai Cosmetics Acts were renewed update from science and technology. Thai government promoted the slogan“The popular Thai use Thai products” to the Thai new generation to support Thai products, and promote the Thai cosmetics to the forefront of the world in the near future.

References

[1] Better way Thailand. 2018. www.mistine .com

[2] Department of International Trade Promotion(DIPT) Ministry of Commerce. 2018. Statistics of import and export cosmetics.On line: http://www.ditp.go.th/.

[3] Giffarine Thailand. 2018. www.giffarine.com.

[4] Jetro Thailand. 2017. Thailand - Personal Care and Beauty Products. https://www.jetro.go.jp/thailand/.

[5] Srichand Saha Osot Limited. 2018. www. Srichand.com.

[6] Takubo Nobuo, Decha Koveampairoj and prawarpa kittikrirat.2017. The Thai market to watch and their players -cosmetics market. Asia business library.http://www.cdiasiabusiness.com/en/library/detail.html?p=299.

[7] Thai parliament. 2017. Cosmetics Act. Government Gazette.On line: http://library2.parliament.go.th.