With some of Latin America’s left-wing parties leaving office since 2015,and right-wing victories in national and regional elections,the recovery of the right wing seems underway,with a concomitant influence on not only politics but also the Latin American economy,society and integration process.Italian political scientist Norberto Bobbio asserts that the division of left from right ideology lies in disputes over social inequality.The Left,regarding inequality as underpinned by social construction,will target social reform through national intervention.The Right regards existing social inequality as the anticipated result of ineradicable natural inequalities.1Norberto Bobbio,Left and Right:The Significance of a Philosophical Distinction,Wiley,March 2016.A long-standing intellectual tradition defines Latin America’s right-wing as a conservative ideology favoring status quo and defended by society’s traditional sectors,2Juan Pablo Luna and Cristobal Rovira Kaltwasser,ed.,The Resilience of the Latin American Right(Baltimore:John Hopkins UP,2014),5.whereas deep structural inequalities in Latin America create popular majorities with interest in redistributive policies that the right opposes.Barry Cannon believes that,against redistributive pressures mobilized from below,the right defends elite interests,but Latin American elites had rarely relied on political parties for power before,preferring control through ideological,economic,military and international power networks.The elites consist of“prestigious　and‘established’ leaders—top　politicians,　important business,high-level civil servants,senior military officers.”

Left/right competition is powering Latin America’s political scene.In the 19th century,the left was in its infancy but after the October Revolution,Latin America’s left-wing challenged the right and held power in Cuba,Chile and Nicaragua,but on the whole has been suppressed.The right criticizes the left-wing as pro-socialist and part of a pro-communist alliance and,therefore,threatening to traditional social order.Right-wing curbs left-wing with military force.In Latin America,a coup has been a common tool.

当今互联网时代是一个不断创意、创新和创造的时代，“大众创业、万众创新”的时代，人才培养的核心在于适应社会发展的需要，企业需要一大批责任心强，自信热情有个性，求新求变不迷信，动手操作能力强，具有开拓和冒险精神的应用型创新人才。而我国目前多数高校的人才培养偏向于智力教育，侧重理论知识的传授，忽视实践动手操作能力，强调共性教育忽视个性培养，缺少对创新精神、创新意识和创新能力的塑造和培养。大学生基本形成了统一的思想观念、固定的思维方式，学生缺乏个性和自信，没有冒险精神，创新意识淡薄，创新能力较差，岗位的适应性不强。[2]

After the Soviet Union’s breakup and changes in Eastern Europe,Latin America’s left-wing movement was in crisis as Communist parties were marginalized and socialist parties started to accept neo-liberalism.Rather than overthrow the existing government,left-wing guerrilla groups abandoned armed insurrection in favor of participation in a representative political process.Right-wing politicians consolidated power by leading neo-liberalist market reforms.Since 2000,the political situation showed the left making strides,and during 1998-2014 left-wing or center-left-wing parties and leaders were elected in Venezuela,Chile,Brazil,Uruguay,Bolivia,Nicaragua,Ecuador,Paraguay and El Salvador.Together that is two-thirds of Latin America’s population,indicating the‘pink tide’was dominant politically.For the first time in Latin America’s turbulent political history,parties and movements of the Left had become established major contenders for governing in almost every country.1Steven Levitsky and Kenneth M.Roberts,eds.,The Resurgence of the Latin American Left(Baltimore:Johns Hopkins UP,2011),426.Right or centrist parties continue to hold power in Colombia and Mexico and also in Peru,although the actions of the Alberto Fujimori family have created a crisis there,but several traditional right-wing parties lost power or became minor parties.Included in this are the Colombian Conservative Party and Liberal Party,Paraguay’s Red Party,Uruguay’s Red Party and White Party established in the 19th century,Venezuela’s Social Christian Party and Democratic Action,Peru’s Popular Action Party,Ecuador’s Social Christian Party,and the Dominican Republic’s Social Christian Reformist Party established at the end of World War II.Several right-wing parties that had a short blossom in 1980s-1990s,such as Bolivia’s Nationalist Democratic Action,Costa Rica’s Social Christian Unity Party,and Nicaragua’s Constitutionalist Liberal Party,have significantly weakened.

Ebb of the Pink Tide

Since 2015 we are seeing the‘pink tide’has degenerated,with leftist and centrist parties in decline and right-wing parties revitalized.In some countries,right-wing candidates took the place of left-wing in enough numbers to seize power.In December 2017 the Chile Vamos candidate,conservative billionaire and former president Sebástian Pinera,won election by about 54%against Alejandro Guillier,who had been favored by socialist President Michelle Bachelet.In October 2015,Cambiemos(Let’s Change)party leader Mauricio Macri won election,and Argentina shifted towards the center-right after 12 years of leftist government.In August 2016,the Brazilian senate,controlled by the right,impeached Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.Brazil’s Vice President Michel Temer replaced Rousseff and led a center-right government.In Argentina,Macri’s presidency had regional implications,and most view that as the end of leftward momentum and the final chapter of modern Latin American socialism.1Frida Ghitis,“Macri’s Argentina Election Signals Rightward Shift in Latin America,”accessed June 1,2017,http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/17350/macri-s-argentina-election-signals-rightward-shift-in-latin-america.After Macri won in Argentina,“a call to attention”was how Bolivia’s vice president,Alvaro Garcia Linera,termed it,saying it was“a huge blow to LatinAmerica,”signaling ebbing leftist influence.Nicaragua’s opposition celebrated the Argentinian victory,seeing it as empowering for their prospects.2Simon Romero,“The Political Left Loses Ground in Latin America as Economic Growth Slows,”accessed January 5,2017,https://cuencahighlife.com/political-left-loses-ground-latin-america-economic-growth-slows.

3.中国新诗“三美”特点多文本阅读分析。以高中必修教材中的《死水》《再别康桥》《雨巷》为主要文本，并搜集如《沙扬娜拉》等新诗，研究新诗“建筑美”“音乐美”“绘画美”特征。

Among capable opposition right-wing parties,some candidates have found seats in parliamentary and local elections from which to challenge left-wing policies.In Venezuela’s 2015 National Assembly elections,the Democratic Unity Round table alliance won a super majority(112 of 167 seats)and legislative control for the first time since 2009.Bolivian revolution and Socialism for the 21st Century have encountered resistance.Ecuador’s 2014 local elections saw right-wing opposition parties win mayoral positions in the capital Quito,Ecuador’s largest city Guayaquil,and tourist city Cuenca.Upon taking office May 15,center-right parties were administering municipalities accounting for over half the population.3EIU,Country Report:Ecuador,October 2014,24. Accumulation of local power is helping Ecuador’s right-wing parties toward the goal of winning a presidential election.Creating Opportunities party candidate Guillermo Lasso lost on the second ballot,but severely challenged the left-wing party.

Among 20 countries on the Latin American continent,right-wing parties hold power in 10:Chile,Colombia,Peru,Mexico,Honduras,Brazil,Panama,Argentina,Guatemala and Costa Rica.Right-wing and centrist parties maintain advantage in particular in Colombia and Peru.Since the 1990s,the center-right sustained power in both even during the‘pink tide.’Alvaro Uribe Velez,Colombia’s president 2002-2010,broke the decades of monopoly by Liberal and Conservative parties.Since taking office in 2010,Juan Manuel Santos continues neoliberal market economy reform.Peru’s Fujimori,as president 1990-2000,also carried out neoliberal reform,but since 2000,control was under centrist or center-right politicians.In the 2016 general election,intense rivalry between Popular Force and Peruvians for Change emerged,but with Peruvians for Change candidate Pedro Pablo Kuczynski’s win in June 2016,Peru’s national political power continues in the hands of right-wing.The events of January 2018 when Fujimori’s son and daughter worked to nearly impeach Kuczynski and their father’s pardon and release from jail have set off public protests.In Mexico,the Institutional Revolutionary Party held power uninterruptedly for 71 years(1929-2000),and then the Right-wing National Action Party won in 2000 and had control for 12 years.By 2013,the Institutional Revolutionary Party had shifted right,in a continued neoliberal economic development pattern.Energy reform enabled foreign and private capital into Mexico’s energy area.In Panama and Honduras,the right-wing holds power.

The rise of the right brings a new trend in socioeconomic policy and foreign relations.Latin America’s right-wing parties insist upon the neoliberal development model based on market forces,as seen in Argentina and Brazil where they changed policies made by the left.Argentina’s Macri adopted“shock therapy”to combat sluggish growth,dwindling foreign exchange reserves,high inflation and fiscal deficits from the administration of Néstor Carlos Kirchner and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner,but violent protests broke out in Buenos Aires over pension reforms that raise the retirement age.And Brazilian President Michel Temer emphasized fiscal balance and foreign investment.Macri’s foreign policy relies on relations with US and EU,and WTO negotiations over debt reduction and future financing.Macriblamed　VenezuelaPresidentNicolásMaduro　for persecuting the political opposition,violating Human Rights and freedom of speech during his campaign,challenged Venezuela’s membership in the Latin American regional economic bloc MERCOSUR.Recent right-wing governments in Argentina and Brazil pressured Venezuela’s left-wing government,giving　their　weightto　suspending　Venezuela　from MERCOSUR.In Colombia,Peru and elsewhere,right-wing parties by persisting in market economy strategies,tie closer relations with US and Europe and support the US’concept of regional integration.

Ideology and Strategy

1906年5月31日该委员会发表了一份17页的初步报告。他们的主报告，《州地震调查委员会报告，第一卷》，由Lawson编辑并于1908年出版。该报告包括对断层作用的地质和形态的大量描述、振动强度的详细报告，以及包括40幅超大尺寸图和对折纸的令人印象深刻的地图集。第二卷，由Henry Fielding Reid编辑并于1910年出版，主要描述此地震的地震学和机制方面。在本文后面的叙述中，将 《州地震调查委员会报告》（两卷：Ⅰ卷，Lawson，1908，和Ⅱ卷，Reid，1910；共643页）统称委员会报告，适时标出相应的卷号。今天该报告仍可通过购买或在线获得（见参考文献）。

Left-wing governments did not resolve voters’issues with public security,crime and corruption,but the Right’s policies quashing the violence,coupled with propaganda toning down distributive issues and emphasizing crime and insecurity,4Steven Levitsky and Kenneth M.Roberts ed.,The Resurgence of the Latin American Left,200.seems to be a winning strategy in changing times.Though the right’s idea of public security restrains civil rights,the right’s candidates have voters’support in Honduras,El Salvador and Mexico.In Colombia,paramilitary interference caused the people to denounce the public security situation.Santos was reelected Colombia’s president in 2014 partly because he seriously combatted illicit armed groups.Corruption scandals damaged the left’s image and support in Argentina,Venezuela and Brazil,and reform in Chile is blamed for dissatisfaction that turned over the presidency to the right.As with repeated scandals involving the Workers’Party in Brazilin 2003-2015,openings occurred for right-wing criticism and people’s dissatisfaction.Brazil’s oil company corruption scandal reduced support forRousseff,contributing to her impeachment.Former Argentina President Cristina Fernandez was charged in several corruption cases,which led to large-scale public protests.

Tapping into popular desire for change,right-wing parties have use change and improve style slogans.Macri’s 2015 slogan was“Let’s change,”suggesting Argentinareducegovernmentintervention　and reactivate the private sector role in the market’s economic growth,investment and employment.A poll in the run up to the 2015 Argentine presidential election,for instance,found that 50%of respondents were opposed a return to pre-Kirchner policies,and favored“continuity with change.”3Peter Bolton,“Fact-checking the Heralded End of the Latin American Left,”accessed June 2,2017,http://www.coha.org/fact-checking-the-heralded-end-of-the-latin-american-left.

Expansion of Latin America’s middle class strengthens the right.Not a solid supporter of the left,the middle class,will support the right in a new round of political alternation.With 15 years’of economic growth and social policies like conditional cash transfer,Latin American social structure has seen the middle class(average daily income US$10-50)grow from 19 to 30%of the population.According to the Inter-American Development Bank,the ratio of Latin Americans in extreme poverty(below US$2.50)shrank to 15.9%,and those inpoverty(below US$4 daily)dropped to under 30%from 46%.2Marco Stampini,Marcos Robles,Mayra Sáenz,Pablo Ibarrarán,Nadin Medellín,Pobreza,vulnerabilidad y la clase media en América Latina,Vulnerability of the Latin American middle class,BID,May 2015,10. Middle class anxieties pressure government to adjust policies to satisfy them in public service and political participation.Once the government cannot answer their interests,they would stand up to oppose it.

The right’s political strategy is to mobilize people and expand social foundation,and as such is not traditional right-wing but a new generation influenced by international and regional reform.Parties such as Argentina’s Republican Proposal,Ecuador’s Creating Opportunities,Peru’s Peruvians for Change and Popular Force are examples with features of traditional right-wing but without the military interventionist bent.The traditional right admires authority,disdains democratic politics,maintains elites’privilege and suppresses progressive,democratic forces.Since the end of 1970s,the army has become increasingly professional and the risk of military　intervention　issharply　reduced,allowing　little　space　for overthrowing the left-wing government by military force.

Latin American right-wing politics uses ties with voters,media and lobbying,and shapes the planks in its ideological platform to appeal to both local voters and the middle class.Traditionally the representative of the Latin American elite,the right-wing had neglected mobilizing the masses until the turn of the century when it began to organize social forces to protest left-wing government.In Chile,the right-wing uses large street demonstrations to try to block government reforms that run counter to the right’s ideology,trying to legitimize itself and regain public trust after being tagged for years as anti-democratic and overly traditional.1Juan Pablo Luna and Cristobal Rovira Kaltwasser ed.,The Resilience of the Latin American Right,349.Venezuela’s opposition on the right demonstrated against left-wing government,polarizing politics and aggravating social division.Ecuador’s right used popular dissatisfaction with President Rafael Correa’s reform measures to exacerbate political tension.Bolivia’s right-wing used identity to mobilize support for Media Luna regional autonomy and opposed another term for Movement Toward Socialism Party President Juan Evo Morales’leftist government.Morales,first elected in 2006,has been cleared by the Bolivia Constitutional Court to run for a fourth consecutive term in 2019.

As a rule,the Latin American right-wing uses media,think tanks,NGOs and foundations to lobby,establish public opinion or social preference,and bash left-wing government.In Latin America’s highly centralized media oligopoly,mainstream media generally supports the neoliberal status.Venezuela’s El Nacional,El Universal and Brazil’s O Globo and Folha de Sao Paulo aid opposition parties’attack on left-wing government under the banner of justice,human rights and anti-corruption.Media battles initiated by Ecuador and Brazil’s right help confront left-wing governments.Overall think tanks,NGOs and conservative foundations on the right pressure the left.

参照以上单因素实验的结果，对微波烘干后的凤尾鱼片的质量影响最大的3个因素分别为：烘干功率、烘干时间和质量。因此，将以上3个因素设置为自变因素，硬度(Y1)、感官评价(Y2)设置成实验的评价指标，设计后的响应面因素与水平的实验见表1。

Pragmatic policy proposed by the right seems an attractive choice for voters.If right-wing parties stick to a mild,pragmatic political platform of free trade,financial liberalization,regulation mitigation,fiscal discipline,and economic efficiency,they will appeal to the electorate,that is,if they do　notinsiston　the　neoliberalmodelincorporating　privatization,marketization and capitalization.Economic efficiency aligns somewhat with　nationalintervention,socialequality,poverty　reduction,and protection of vulnerable persons.The Macri administration’s economic reform is viewed as a corrective to the preceding left-wing government;it continued to implement subsidized child care that the left-wing proposed,and reduced income taxes for the lower-middle class.The foundations the right relied upon,impacted by globalization,mean it has to balance all social groups’interests,water down ideological color,and implement mild,pragmatic socioeconomic policy.Establishment of new democratic regimes represents a challenge for the right,in need of credibility and divided between soft-and hard-liners.Theoretically,the right would win elections only if it,at least partially,adapted and sacrificed some ideals and interests to the new game rules.1Juan Pablo Luna and Cristobal Rovira Kaltwasser ed.,The Resilience of the Latin American Right,15.

Since circumstances forced the right-wing to collect political capital in subnational localities,the right’s expansion into local regions offsets national left-wing wins.This strategy is proving effective in Latin America as well as elsewhere.After Ecuador’s Alianza Pais party,in power since Rafael Correo was elected in 2007,marginalized right-wing politicians,the right-wing Creating Opportunities could only gain power through local elections.They secured 22 mayorships in 2014,but in April 2017,after gaining 49%of ballot in the election’s second round,lost by a narrow 2%to Moreno,the choice of Correo.When Correo was first elected in 2007,left wing leaders headed Argentina,Bolivia,Brazil,Cuba,Nicaragua and Venezuela.But it tookover a decade’s development for Macri representing Argentina’s Republican Proposal to win the presidency.

莱西市人大常委会以更好地发挥人大代表作用为切入点，以推进司法监督工作为目标，立足本职，勇于实践，积极探索人大代表旁听法院案件庭审工作，形成了“一二四”工作方法，为推动庭审公开、司法公正发挥了积极作用，为促进法治社会、和谐社会建设发挥了重要作用。

Policy and ideology divergence in left-wing government is serious,weakening support through contradictions between softening policy or maintaining basic ideology.In order to consolidate,left-wing parties adjust position and implement mild reform after taking office.The Left’s weakened foundations create conditions for right-wing revival.Allianz economic adviser Mohamed A.El-Erian wrote,“For now,rightist parties and policy agendas are the main beneficiaries of the region’s economic and social disillusion.”1Simon Romero,“The Political Left Loses Ground in Latin America as Economic Growth Slows,”accessed January 5,2017,https://cuencahighlife.com/political-left-loses-ground-latin-america-economic-growth-slows/.

Latin American governments facing global economic downturn,oil price decrease,fiscal resources shrinkage,and capital unsustainability are nonetheless pressured to meet the public policy demands of differing social demographic groups.Competition between sectors of society that seek support from the state is likely.1“The Latin American Left:Challenges for 2016 and Beyond,”accessed February 1,2017,http://www.telesurtv.net/english/analysis.Venezuela’s middle class had been the left’s supporters,but became opposed when some middle class interests were damaged by Chávez’and Maduro’s policies.After the Brazilian Labor Party took office and the middle class expanded,Brazil’s class pyramid changed to olive-shaped,but if the Labor Party’s main goal is truly to help the poor and extreme poor,its progress in public health and education is noticeably lacking.A middle class,newly escaped from poverty,is dissatisfied with government’s education and Medicare policies.The Brazilian government’s announcement of increased bus fares brought social turbulence,which is aligned to middle class attitudes.

In democratic politics,regime change is normal and the shift in balance of left/right in Latin American reflects the nature of democratic competition under which any political party could gain or lose power through election.Thus it is not unexpected that the rise of right-wing and regression of left-wing in Latin America will continue,given that the political,economic situation and external environment is still beneficial for right.

The rising right-wing’s flexible,pragmatic politics,the social power enabled by middle class expansion,and the support of the US have enabled the rise of right-wing parties as the Left suffers through a crisis of strength.In the current historical turn of the wheel,the left’s difficulties provide openings.Economic downturn and poor external environment make it difficult for left-wing to overcome social and economic pressure,give enough financial support for social welfare plans through fiscal expansion.Voters’dissatisfaction is unaddressed.In the near future,how to keep the promise of public policy and defend social and economic achievement in the past 15 years is the severe challenge for left-wing government to face.Venezuela’s late president Hugo Chávez in power 1999-2014,emblematic of the sustained‘Pink tide’for 15 years in Latin America,a time when left-wing governments adjusted the country’s politics,economy,society and foreign relations.As some tried establishing neoliberal development patterns,their governance saw benefits and drawbacks because sustaining a left-wing economic development model and social policy is difficult in tough economic downturns.As left-wing governments gained considerable revenue from increased global demand for commodities in 2003-2008,particularly for natural resources,revenue was used for social plans supporting the lower-middle class.With the financial crisis,international trade deteriorated,major products’export prices fell,fiscal austerity was required,social policies failed,and the new middle class became anxious to avoid becoming poor again.With the worldwide economic meltdown,Latin America’s soaring inflation and shortage of basic supplies could not be resolved.Voters’confidence in left-wing regimes fell.In Argentina,Brazil and Venezuela,where income from exports of oil,agricultural products and natural resources diminished,recession and welfare reduction triggered serious protests.To fund Venezuela’s social plans for over a decade,the left-wing administration of Chávez and Maduro intervened in the economy with strict pricing,foreign currency restrictions,expanded fiscal policy and product export taxes,but since 2014 Venezuelan economy continues to tumble.GDP in 2016 was negative,-9.7%;-15%in 2017,inflation was 475.8%,and far higher in 2017,and currency depreciation was the worst in Latin America,sparking an active black market.1IMF,World Economic Outlook,October 2016,44,accessed January 20,2017,http://www.imf.org/external/country/VEN/index.htm.In 2017,with high street crime and murder rate,shortages,power outages,and flat tourist income,Maduro’s approval plummeted,over 80%of Venezuelans held a negative view of his Bolivarian economic agenda,2Frida Ghitis,“Macri’s Argentina Election Signals Rightward Shift in Latin America,”accessed May 1,2017,http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/17350.and protests and demonstrations against Maduro ensued.He faces a huge challenge to finish his term.

Democratic Elections

US support for the Latin American right is an important external element at a cross-grain with‘pink tide’governments’independent,diversified　diplomaticpolicy.Anti-US　leftistsgoverning Venezuela,Bolivia and Ecuador were the focus of US attempts to dismantle them by coup,strike,media coup and diplomatic isolation.The US gave tacit support for Venezuela’s right-wing to undertake a coup in 2002 against Chávez.US President George Bush met Pedro Carmona,a coup leader,at the White House.According to WikiLeaks,the US government was directly connected with the military coup in Honduras,and a company controlled by the US government provided long-term capital for a military coup group.The US government’s financial assistance in the name of democracy and freedom to NGOs and individuals in Venezuela,Brazil,Ecuador,Bolivia and Nicaragua helps them launch economic war,propaganda war,promote the color revolution,overthrow left-wing governments and establish right-wing governments better aligned with US values.The US in 2013 gave US$60 million to the USAID and the National Endowment for Democracy(NED)to strengthen right-wing dissent in Cuba,Bolivia,Ecuador and Venezuela.In 2013-2014,NED delivered$14 million to Venezuela’s opposition groups.1“How the US Funds Dissent against Latin American Governments,”accessed May 3,2017,http://www.telesurtv.net/english/analysis.

The right-wing will have the challenges and the potential for later blame if their rising momentum keeps them in power,yet they fail to solve Latin America’s serious problems.Right-wing government has to learn from the left to promote economic growth but also improve people’s livelihood,protect vulnerable groups’rights,balance efficiency and fairness,and keep socioeconomic stability.Corruption is an issue to be weighed,and right-wing parties will need to apply effective punishment,strengthen the legal system and judiciary,and improve the governments’corrupt image.The right-wing needs more unified leadership,too,because the traditional right is declining but the new right-wing is still organizing.

Although several regional observers and much of the media predict recent conservative political victories were the last nail in the coffin of Latin America’s left,saying that the left is dying2Jorge G.Castaneda,“The Death of the Latin American Left,”New York Times,March 22,2016;Daniela Blei,“Is the Latin American Left Dead?,”New Republic,April 16,2016;Antonio Sampaio,“How Brazil’s Left Destroyed Itself,”Foreign Policy,May 13,2016;Marina Koren,“Brazil’s Impeachment Battle,”Atlantic,April 17,2016;Jonathan Watts and UkiGoni,“Argentina Shifts to the Right after Mauricio Macri Wins Presidential Runoff,”Guardian,November 23,2016.is unsubstantiated.While the left may lose power,its continued role in development and policy making will shape politics from Venezuela to Argentina.Argentina’s Front for Victory,despite its failure in the presidential election,had almost half the vote.It won over half of the Senate seats,remained the biggest party in the Chamber of Deputies and retained strong political momentum.In Brazil,though Rousseff stepped down amid scandal,the Labor Party and left-wing parties’influence remain.The Temer government knows large policy adjustments would be rejected by the left.

提升农业经济管理水准是提高农民收入和发展农业经济水平的重要保障。以充分适应市场经济发展，推动我省农业稳健发展为目的，必须实现农村经济管理的现代化。此外，目前的市场竞争不断升级，为保证农业经济的切实发展，要深入发展农产品加工，尤其是深加工，应加入科技要素，做强做深，在确保农产品品质安全的基础上注重农产品的可持续发展。

In the next decade,the right’s wins may be slim and hard-fought,or non-existent as in Ecuador’s April 2017 election runoff in which Lenin Moreno’s 51.16%of the vote defeated the right’s candidate Lasso.The term expires in 2021.Bolivia’s indigenous left-wing leader Morales,who won by a landslide in 2014,has his term until 2020.Nicaragua’s Daniel Ortega won with 72.5%of the vote to another term,until 2021,and his Sandinista National Liberation Front controls most of parliament.Uruguay’s leftwing Broad Front,ruling for 12 consecutive years,holds the presidency with Tabaré Vázquez until 2019.The left-wing Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front(FMLN)has the presidency until 2019 under Salvador Sánchez Cerén,who won in 2014 by a tiny margin.

Left-wing is not in absolute deterioration.It could gain power in these future competitions as a result of unfair social wealth distribution,acute social contradictions and dynamic radical thought.A 2013 opinion survey found that 75%surveyed believe current wealth distribution is unfair,indicating the continued relevance of redistributive policies.1

1Sophie Gulliver,“Is the‘Pink Tide’Turning in Latin America?,”accessed June 1,2017,http://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/is-the-pink-tide-turning-in-latin-america.

朝鲜战争爆发后，缅甸政府提出请美国培训300名军官，以应对中国可能的入侵，但没得到美方的优先考虑。[32]随后，美国驻缅使馆多次向白宫汇报，否认中国入侵缅甸的可能性，[33]怀疑仰光在夸大中国的威胁，从而获得更多的英美军事援助。[34]