（续上期）

3 蜂胶化学成分及质量控制研究新进展

蜂胶的化学成分十分复杂，影响蜂胶有效成分的因素众多，包括胶源植物、地理位置、蜂种、采集季节等。对蜂胶的化学成分的研究一直是蜂胶研究领域的热点，尤其是新地区、新种类蜂胶及其胶源植物的化学成分。另一方面，为了应对蜂胶市场上造假的乱象并寻找特定蜂胶标志性化合物，蜂胶的质量控制相关研究也是蜂胶研究中的重点和热点。

3.1 蜂胶化学成分研究新进展

Cuesta-Rubio等[42]利用反向液相色谱（RP-HPLC）、核磁共振（NMR） 以及气相色谱-质谱联用（GS-MS）分析了多个厄瓜多尔不同地区的蜂胶样品，发现厄瓜多尔蜂胶主要成分是黄酮类、酚酸类以及萜烯类物质，其中两种黄烷酮类物质及一种黄酮醇类物质是首次在蜂胶样品中被检出。Kasote等[43]利用高效液相色谱（HPLC） 以及氢谱核磁共振（HNMR）检测了印度13个不同地区的蜂胶样品，分析发现其主要成分是黄酮类化合物和酚酸类化合物，与其他温带地区蜂胶成分相似，属于杨树型蜂胶。同属于杨树型蜂胶的还有匈牙利蜂胶，Molnár等[44]利用GS-MS，分析了不同地理来源的匈牙利蜂胶样品，共鉴定出21种多酚类物质。Elnakady等[45]检测了沙特阿拉伯南部地区的蜂胶样品，发现三萜类化合物、类固醇类化合物以及二萜类化合物是其主要的化学成分。Talla等[46]利用GS-MS检测了喀麦隆蜂胶样品，发现了一种新的单醚甘油和新的三萜类化合物。

有时现病史就牵涉到两个病甚至几个病。如1例左胸痛患者，体检发现左第二肋软骨局部膨隆，有明显压痛，遂诊断左第二肋软骨炎。其实患者同时还有急性心肌梗死，仔细询问病史和体检还能发现单纯用肋软骨炎难以完全解释的症状体征。

对无刺蜂蜂胶成分的研究，也是最近蜂胶成分分析领域的热点。Nguyen等[47]研究了越南无刺峰（Trigona minor）蜂胶，发现了15种环菠萝蜜烷型三萜和1种羊毛甾烷型三萜，其中5种环菠萝蜜烷型三萜化合物是初次报道。Cisilotto等[48]从两个巴西无刺蜂蜂胶中发现了两种之前没有在蜂胶研究中报道过的生物碱[48]。Ferreira等[49,50]研究了巴西东北部地区的无刺蜂蜂胶和绿蜂胶，两类蜂胶样品中的多酚物质含量丰富且成分相似，经鉴定两种蜂胶的胶源植物都是Jurema-preta。Xavier等[51]利用超高液相色谱-质谱法也分析了巴西东北部地区的蜂胶，共分析鉴定出12种多酚类化合物。

3.2 蜂胶质量控制研究新进展

橙汁是广泛流行的饮料，为了延长保质期，目前市场上此类果汁饮品会添加一些食品添加剂，比如山梨酸钾、苯甲酸钠等，长期摄入防腐剂可能对健康会有不利影响。Yang等[69]的研究证明，蜂胶作为一种天然的蜂产品能够取代防腐剂添加到果汁中有效地延长产品的保质期。Rios等[70]将蜂胶添加到一种能量棒中，发现能够显著提高该产品的多酚物质含量，但由于蜂胶较差的适口性，问卷调查发现消费者对添加了蜂胶的产品的接受率相比对照组也有下降。这是蜂胶作为食品添加剂时，需要我们关注的一个方面。

3.3 蜂胶提取加工工艺研究新进展

Abdel-Kareem等[64]将蜂胶添加到蛋鸡的日粮当中，发现蜂胶能够提高产蛋量及平均蛋重，而其蛋的质量有明显提高。Eyng等[65]将蜂胶的醇提物和蜂胶毛胶添加到不同日龄鸡的日粮中，并检测其对鸡盲肠菌群的影响。比较有意思的是，研究发现蜂胶醇提物对鸡盲肠菌群没有显著影响而毛胶却能调节菌群的生长。Zhandi等[66]将蜂胶中的有效成分柯因添加到公鸡的饲料中，发现能够明显提升公鸡精子的质量，并且能够有效降低冻存对精子的损伤。热应急综合症是热带和亚热带禽类养殖中常见的难题，每年都造成巨大的经济损失。Mehaisen等[67]的研究发现，含有蜂胶的日粮能够减轻鹌鹑的热应激反应，并提高生产效率。马霞等[68]利用PK-15细胞和豚鼠，来验证蜂胶对猪细小病毒（PPV）的抗性。实验结果证明蜂胶能够有效抑制猪细小病毒，而且蜂胶经纳米化处理后其抗PPV活性显著提高。

4 蜂胶的应用研究

Yonar等[5]将不同剂量的蜂胶添加到淡水小龙虾的饲料中，发现蜂胶能改善小龙虾的生殖能力，增加其产卵数量和提高卵的质量，并且含有蜂胶的饲料能够降低养殖过程中小龙虾的氧化应激。Orsi等[62]同样将不同剂量的蜂胶添加到罗非鱼的饲料中，然后研究对照组和实验组在细菌侵袭前后个体健康指标的变化，实验发现蜂胶有良好的体外抗菌能力，但是却不能通过添加到饲料中来提高罗非鱼的抗菌能力。Herczeg等[63]将蜂胶和其他多酚物质添加到鲤鱼的饵料中，发现能够轻微减轻鲤鱼的白点病，但是却不能避免白点病在鱼群中的疫情暴发。

4.1 蜂胶在水产养殖上的应用

蜂胶含有丰富的酚类物质，包括数目众多的黄酮类化合物和酚酸类化合物，具有广泛而显著的生物学活性。随着消费升级，人们更青睐来自于天然，对环境和人体更健康的产品。这也让蜂胶在食品、日用品、畜禽水产的饲料及疾病预防上的应用更加广泛，本年度国内外相关的研究较多。

2.4 患者临床症状体征 见表3。本研究中钩虫性十二指肠炎综合征患者临床表现多样，其中腹痛表现共76例，为主要常见临床表现。

4.2 蜂胶在畜禽养殖上的应用

Ong等[59]将马来西亚蜂胶的醇溶液和脱乙酰壳多糖一起制成纳米粒子，实验证明其具有良好的抗菌活性，含有该纳米粒子的生物薄膜在伤口敷贴等领域有很高的利用价值。赵传怡等[60]利用铝锆复合氧化物作为蜂胶黄酮的缓释材料，能够有效对蜂胶进行负载和缓释。de Francisco等[61]也利用了新的加工工艺，不同的是他们利用蜂胶渣将作为载体与维生素C一起制成纳米粒子，加工后的维生素C具有更好的抗氧化性以及更长的药物释放时间。

4.3 蜂胶在食品加工上的应用

Draghi等[52]将从香蕉皮中提取的酪氨酸酶固定在涂层上制成接触型固体传感器，能够更快速有效地检测出蜂胶和蜂蜜中的总酚类物质含量，检测结果和福林酚法结果一致，在蜂产品质量检测和商业利用上都有很好的应用前景。印度学者对蜂胶的研究近年来也在逐渐增多，Sadhana等[53]利用HPLC建立了基于8种多酚标准品的印度蜂胶指纹图谱的方法，规范了印度蜂胶市场的标准化。蜂胶质量控制方面，巴西各类蜂胶相关的研究最丰富。de Figueiredo等[54]研究了巴西2008年至2013年不同季节生产的绿蜂胶样品，考量了水溶成分、醇溶成分、总酚酸、总黄酮、蜂蜡含量、抗氧化活性等指标，发现季节变化对蜂胶化学组成的影响较小。然而，Bruno-Silva等[55]利用HPLC研究了一年中不同季节收集的巴西红蜂胶及其胶源植物分泌物，发现采集季节的确对二者的化学成分有影响。Zhang等[56]对比了巴西绿蜂胶、血桐属类型蜂胶、桉树型蜂胶、桦树型蜂胶及杨树型蜂胶的色谱图，发现在巴西蜂胶阿替匹林C的出峰时间，其他类型的蜂胶也有小的干扰峰，可能对巴西绿蜂胶的质量控制有不利影响。孙兰等[57]提出了假蜂胶中含有假胶素A，并利用液相色谱检测了134个不同产地的蜂胶样品及多个掺假的样品，发现该物质能够有效分辨真假蜂胶。廖敏等[58]利用电子鼻检测蜂胶与模拟掺假样和杨树胶间的差异，实验表明电子鼻有望成为一种有效的蜂胶真伪鉴别、产地溯源的方法。

团山子火山口，是昌乐—临朐火山盆地中20处火山口之一，为国内罕见的保存完好的火山口。此火山口是火山筒内充填的玄武岩栓，经过200多万年的长期风化剥蚀，被剥露出地面，岩栓柱状节理发育，呈辐射状，向上收敛，向下散开，形象地记录了当时火山喷发的自然景观，展示出大自然的鬼斧神工。柱状节理，有三边形四边形五边形六边形不等。其中受冷却速度影响，越靠近火山口中心，边数越多。这昌乐远古火山口（群），对研究当今新生代构造运动、岩浆运动、地质地震学等有重要的科学价值，同时也是观光旅游和开展地质科普教育的极佳去处。

4 蜂胶专利公布情况

据中华人民共和国国家知识产权局等公开的专利数据统计，2017年国内公开的蜂胶专利共有93项。其中，发明专利77项，实用新型专利7项，外观设计专利4项，发明授权专利5项。蜂胶发明专利技术领域涉及到多个领域，包括蜂胶的提取工艺，如蜂胶的乙醇提取方法（CN107519210A、CN107320500A），蜂胶在疾病防治中的应用，如蜂胶复合物作为辅助药物的应用（CN107519226A、CN107519235A）；蜂胶在畜禽生产中的应用，如治疗畜禽及水产疾病的中药材料（CN107519284A、CN107468847A、CN107468855A）、作为天然产物添加到畜禽饲料中（CN107494966A、CN107348245A）；蜂胶用于水果保鲜抗菌，如作为易腐果品的天然保鲜防腐剂（CN107509805A、CN107494712A）；蜂胶在食品饮料生产中的应用，如作为酱油防腐剂（CN107495068A）、作为保健饮品的添加剂（CN107259283A）；蜂胶在日化用品中的应用，如添加了蜂胶的具有保湿补水功效的颈膜（CN107496300A）、添加了蜂胶的沐浴露（CN107496328A、CN107233291A）、牙膏（CN107496334A）、护臀霜（CN107496311A）等。

5 结语

近年来有关蜂胶研究相关论文的数量已逐渐趋于稳定，本年度的论文主要围绕新发现蜂胶（无刺蜂蜂胶、巴西红蜂胶等）及其活性，蜂胶活性的药理学机制和蜂胶的植物来源、化学成分等几个方面。前者主要集中在蜂胶的抗氧化、抗菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤活性等，且机制逐渐深入。基于蜂胶的生物学活性和机制研究，蜂胶开始逐渐被应用于产品开发中，涉及领域较前几年更广泛；而后者随着分析仪器的升级，解决了不同胶源蜂胶成分相关问题，从而实现蜂胶及相关产品的质量控制。总体而言，近年来的蜂胶研究趋势良好，随着研究的深入，各个领域的科研人员越来越多地意识到蜂胶的应用价值并将其投入产业开发中。

鉴于单一的方法已无法对城市固体废弃物中Cl含量进行准确测量，为更准确地测量出城市固体废弃物中的Cl含量，分别采用氧弹燃烧法、艾士卡法、水萃取联合氧弹燃烧法、水萃取联合艾士卡法和XRF对厨余沼渣中Cl的含量进行检测，以期找出较为适用且更能准确量化城市固体废弃物中Cl含量的方法。

参考文献：

[1]许晏.蜂胶渣抑制桑青枯菌成分咖啡酸酯类化合物的酶促合成与生物活性[D].镇江:江苏科技大学，2017.

[2]PAZIN WM,MATA ML,SOARES AEE,et al.Antioxidant activities of three stingless bee propolis and green propolis types[J].Journal of Apicultural Research,2017,56(1):40-49.

[3]COELHO J,FAL O SI,VALE N,et al.Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity assessment of south eastern and south Brazilian propolis[J].Journal of Apicultural Research,2017,56(1):21-31.

[4] AHMED R,TANVIR EM,HOSSEN MS,et al.Antioxidant properties and cardioprotectivemechanism of Malaysian propolis in rats[J].Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine,2017,(7):1-11.

[5] YONAR S M∶K,YONAR M E,et al.Effects of dietary propolis on the number and size of pleopadal egg,oxidative stress and antioxidant status of freshwater crayfish(Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz)[J].Animal Reproduction Science,2017,184:149-159.

[6] 王留，方磊涵，王向国.蜂胶乙醇提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能和抗氧化功能的影响[J].中国继续医学教育，2017(4):15-16.

[7] FRANCHIN M,FREIRES I A,LAZARINI J G,et al.The use of Brazilian propolis for discovery and development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs[J].European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2017:1-7.

[8] BUENO-SILVA B,ROSALEN P L,ALENCAR SM,et al.Anti-inflammatory mechanismsof neovestitol from Brazilian red propolis in LPS-activated macrophages[J].Journal of Functional Foods,2017,36:440-447.

[9] RIMBACH G,FISCHER A,SCHLOESSER A,et al.Anti-inflammatory properties of Brazilian green propolis encapsulated in a γ-cyclodextrin complex in mice fed a Western-type diet[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciecnce,2017,18(6):1141–14.

[10]JIN X L,WANG K,LI Q Q,et al.Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Chinese propolis during palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity in cultured hepatocytes[J].Journal of Functional Foods,2017,34:216-223.

[11]WILLIAMS B,TSANGARI E,STANSBOROUGH R,et al.Mixed effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester(CAPE)on joint inflammation,bone loss and gastrointestinal inflammation in a murine model of collagen antibody-inducedarthritis[J].Inflammopharmacology,2017,25(1):55-68.

[12]WU Z,LIU Y,ZHU A,WU S,et al.Brazilian green propolis suppresses microglia-mediated neuroinflammation by inhibiting NF-kB activation[J].Journal of the Neurological Sciences,2017,381(Supplement):678.

[13]ZACCARIA V,CURTI V,DI LORENZO A,et al.Effect of green and brown propolis extracts on the expression levels of microRNAs,mRNAs and proteins,related to oxidative stress and inflammation[J].Nutrients,2017,9(10):1090–1017.

[14]DOS SANTOS THOMAZELLI APF,TOMIOTTO-PELLISSIER F,DA SILVA SS,et al.Brazilian propolis promotes immunomodulation on human cells from American TegumentarLeishmaniasis patients and healthy donors infected with L.braziliensis[J].Cellular Immunology,2017,311:22-27.

[15]UTISPAN K,CHITKUL B,KOONTONGKAEW S.Cytotoxic activity of propolisextracts from the stingless cee Trigonasirindhornaeagainst primary and metastatic head and neck cancer cell lines[J].Asian Pacific Journal Cancer Preview,2017,18(4):1051-1055.

[16]KUSTIAWAN PM,LIRDPRAPAMONGKOL K,PALAGA T,et al.Molecular mechanism of cardol,isolated from Trigonaincisa stingless bee propolis,induced apoptosis in the SW620 human colorectal cancer cell line[J].BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology,2017,18(1):32.

[17]DA SILVA FROZZA CO,SANTOS DA,RUFATTO LC,et al.An titumor activity of Brazilian red propolis fractions against Hep-2 cancer cell line[J].Biomedicine et Pharmacotherapy,2017,91:951-963.

[18]MISIR S,DEMIR S,TURAN I,et al.Turkish propolis extract increases apoptosis via induction of mitochondrial membrane potential loss in MCF-7 cells[J].Proceedings,2017,1(10):1050-1051.

[19]VUKOVIC NL,OBRADOVIC AD,VUKIC MD,et al.Cytotoxic,proapoptotic and antioxidative potential of flavonoids isolated from propolis against colon(HCT-116)and breast(MDA-MB-231)cancer cell lines[J].Food Re search International,2017,106:71-80.

[20]KABALA-DZIK A,RZEPECKA-STOJKO A,KUBINA R,et al.Comparison of two components of propolis:caffeicacid(CA)and caffeicacid phenethylester(CAPE)induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231[J].Molecules,2017,22(9):1554–1559.

[21]CHANG H S,WANG Y,YIN X,et al.Ethanol extract of propolis and its constituent caffeic acid phenethyl ester inhibit breast cancer cells proliferation in inflammatory micro-environment by inhibiting TLR4 signal pathway and inducing apoptosis and autophagy[J].BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine,2017,17(1):471.

[22]MACHADO B,PULCINO T,SILVA A,et al.Propolis as an alternative in prevention and control of dental cavity[J].Journal of Apitherapy,2017,1(2):47–54.

[23]SANTIAGO K B,PIANA G M,CONTI B J,et al.Microbiological control and antibacterial action of a propolis-containing mouthwash and control of dental plaque in humans[J].Natural Production Research,2017:1-5.

[24]VALADAS L A R,NETO E M R,LOTIF M A L,et al.Evaluation of propolis dental varnish against Streptococcus mutans in children[J].Dental Materials,2017,33(Supple ment 1):80-81.

[25]SABIR A.Indonesian propolis suppressed the expression of cyclooxygenase enzymes on inflamed rat dental pulpin direct pulpcapping treatment[J].UNHAS Repository System,2017.

[26]ELGENDY A,FAYYAD D.Cell viability and apoptotic changes of dental pulp stem cells treated with propolis,chitosan,and their nano counterparts[J].Tanta Dental Journal,2017,14(4):198–207.

[27]吉俊盈，陈青宇.蜂胶在慢性牙周炎中的研究进展[J].中国继续医学教育，2017，9(26):118-119.

[28]PIEKARZ T,MERTAS A,WIATRAK K,et al.The influence of toothpaste containing Australian Melaleuca alternifoliaoil and ethanolicextract of Polish propolis on oral hygiene and microbiome in patients requiring conservative procedures[J].Molecules,2017,22(11):1957.

[29]CORR FRS,SCHANUEL FS,MOURA-NUNES N,et al.Brazilian red propolis improves cutaneous wound healing suppressing inflammation-associated transcription factor NFκB[J].Biomedicine&Pharmacotherapy,2017,86:162-171.

[30]ROSSETO HC,DEARASICA DE TOLEDO L,DE FRANCISCO LMB,et al.Nanostructured lipid systems modified with waste material of propolis for wound healing:Design,in vitro and in vivo evaluation[J].Colloids and Surfaces B:Biointerfaces,2017,158:441-452.

[31]CAO X P,CHEN Y F,ZHANG J L,et al.Mechanisms underlying the wound healing potential of propolis based on its in vitro antioxidant activity[J].Phytomedicine,2017,34:76-84.

[32]RUNYORO D,NGASSAPA O,KAMUGISHA A.Antimicrobial activity of propolis fromTabora and Iringa regions,Tanzania and Synergism with Gentamicin[J].Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science,2017,171-176.

[33]VEIGA RS,DE MENDON S,MENDES PB,et al.Artepillin C and phenolic compounds responsible for antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of green propolis and Baccharisdracunculifolia DC[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2017,122(4):911-920.

[34]BUENO-SILVA B,MARSOLA A,IKEGAKI M,et al.The effect of seasons on Brazilian red propolis and its botanical source:chemical composition and antibacte rial activity[J].Natural Production Research,2017,31(11):1318-1324.

[35]SAMADI N,MOZAFFARI-KHOSRAVI H,RAHMANIAN M,et al.Effects of bee propolis supplementation on glycemic control,lipid profile and insulin resistance indices in patients with type 2 diabetes:a randomized,double-blind clinical trial[J].Journal of Integrative Medicine,2017,15(2):124-134.

[36]GAO W,PU L,WEI J,et al.Serum antioxidant parameters are significantly increased in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus after consumption of Chinese propolis:A randomized controlled trial based on fasting serum glucose level[J].Diabetes Therapy,2017:1-11.

[37]NIE J,CHANG Y,LI Y,et al.Caffeic acid phenethyl ester(propolis extract)ameliorates insulin resistance by inhibiting JNK and NF-κBinflammatory pathways in diabetic mice and HepG2 cell models[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2017,65(41):9041-9053.

[38]NI J,WU Z,MENG J,et al.The neuroprotective effects of Brazilian green propolis on neurodegenerative damage in human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells[J].Oxidative Medicine and Cell Longevity,2017,2017(1):1-13.

[39]UEDA T,INDEN M,SHIRAI K,et al.The effects of Brazilian green propolis that contains flavonols against mutant copper-zinc superoxide dismutase-mediated toxicity[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):581-11.

[40]EBADI P,FAZELI M.Anti-photoaging potential of propolis extract in UVB-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts through increasing the expression of FOXO3A and NGF genes[J].Biomedicine Pharmacotherapy,2017,95:47-54.

[41]FERREIRA R S,SANTOS N A G,MARTINS N M,et al.Caffeic acid phenethyl ester(CAPE)protects PC12 cells from cisplatin-Induced neurotoxicity by activating the NGF-signaling pathway[J].Neurotoxicity Research,2017:1-15.

[42]CUESTA-RUBIO O,FERN NDE MC,HERNNDEZ IM,et al.Chemical profile and anti-leishmanial activity of three Ecuadorian propolis samples from Quito,Guayaquil and Cotacachiregions[J].Fitoterapia,2017,120:177-183.

[43]KASOTE D M,PAWAR M V,BHATIA R S,et al.HPLC,NMR based chemical profiling and biological characterisation of Indian propolis[J].Fitoterapia,2017,122:52-60.

[44]MOL′ R S,MIKUSKA K,PATONAY K,et al.Comparative studies on polyphenolic profile and antimicrobial activity of propolis samples selected from distinctive geographical areas of Hungary[J].Food Science and Technology International,2017,23(4):349-357.

[45]ELNAKADY Y A,RUSHDI A I,FRANKE R,et al.Characteristics,chemical compositions and biological activities of propolis from Al-Bahah,Saudi Arabia[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7:41453.

[46]TALLA E,TAMFU A N,GADE I S,et al.New mono-ether of glycerol and triterpenes with DPPH radical scavenging activity from Cameroonian propolis[J].Natural Product Research,2017,31(12):1379-1389.

[47]NGUYEN H X,NGUYEN M T T,NGUYEN N T,et al.Chemical constituents of propolis from vietnamesetrigona minor and their antiausterity activity against the PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cell line[J].Journal of Natural Products,2017,80(8):2345-2352.

[48]CISILOTTO J,SANDJO L P,FAQUETI L G,et al.Cytotoxicity mechanisms in melanoma cells and Uplc-qtof/ms2 chemical characterization of two Brazilian stingless bee propolis:Uncommon presence of piperidinic alkaloids[J].Journal Of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis,2018,149:502-511.

[49]FERREIRA J M,FERNANDES-SILVA C C,SALATINO A,et al.Antioxidant activity of a geopropolis from Northeast Brazil:chemical characterization and likely botanical origin[J].Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine,2017,2017.

[50]FERREIRA J M,FERNANDES-SILVA C C,SALATINO A,et al.New propolis type from north-east Brazil:chemical composition,antioxidant activity and botanical origin[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2017,97(11):3552-3558.

[51]XAVIER J A,VALENTIM I B,CAMATARI FOS,et al.Polyphenol profile by UHPLC-MS/MS,anti-glycation,antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of several samples of propolis from the northeastern semi-arid region of Brazil[J].PharmaceuticalBiology,2017,55(1):1884-1893.

[52]DRAGHI P F,FERNANDES J C B.Label-free potentiometric biosensor based on solid-contact for determination of total phenols in honey and propolis[J].Talanta,2017,164:413-417.

[53]SADHANA N,LOHIDASAN S,MAHADIK K R.Marker-based standardization and investigation of nutraceutical potential of Indian propolis[J].Journal of Integrative Medicine,2017,15(6):483-494.

[54]DE FIGUEIREDO M S,S BINDA N,A VIEIRA-FILHO S,et al.Physicochemical characteristics of Brazilian green propolisevaluated during a six-year period[J].Current Drug Discovery Technologies,2017,14(2):127-134.

[55]BUENO-SILVA B,MARSOLA A,IKEGAKI M,et al.The effect of seasons on Brazilian red propolis and its botanical source:chemical composition and antibacterial activity[J].Natural Product Research,2017,31(11):1318-1324.

[56]ZHANG C,SHEN X,CHEN J,et al.Artepillin C,is it a good marker for quality control of Brazilian green propolis?[J].Natural Product Research,2017,31(20):2441-2444.

[57]孙兰，宋春丽，杨勇，等.假胶素 A在天然蜂胶中的不存在性研究[J].世界科学技术:中医药现代化，2017，19(2):300-305.

[58]廖敏，陈玉，沈艺楠，等.基于电子鼻的蜂胶真伪鉴别研究[J].农产品加工(上)，2017(1):77-80.

[59]ONG T H,CHITRA E,RAMAMURTHY S,et al.Correction:Chitosan-propolis nanoparticle formulation demonstrates anti-bacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalisbiofilms[J].PLoS ONE,2017,12(4):e0176629.

[60]赵传怡，张庆乐，许福生，等.蜂胶黄酮——铝锆复合氧化物的制备和缓释性能研究[J].中国蜂业，2017，68(01):47-50.

[61]DE FRANCISCO B L M,COSTA C,THAMIRIS Y,et al.Nanoparticles of waste material of propolis and gelatin as a novel system for delivery of l-ascorbic acid[J].Current Drug Delivery,2017,14(7):1028-1039.

[62]ORSI R O,SANTOS V G,PEZZATO L E,et al.Activity of Brazilian propolis against Aeromonashydrophila and its effect on Nile tilapia growth,hematological and non-specific immune response under bacterial infection[J].Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências,2017,89(3):1785-1799.

[63]HERCZEG D,SIPOS D,D N ,et al.The effect of dietary immunostimulants on the susceptibility of common carp(Cyprinuscarpio)to the white spot parasite,Ichthyophthiriusmultifiliis[J].ActaVeterinariaHungarica,2017,65(4):517-530.

[64]ABDEL-KAREEM A A A,EL-SHEIKH T M.Impact of supplementing diets with propolis on productive performance,egg quality traits and some haematological variables of laying hens[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2017,101(3):441-448.

[65]EYNG C,MURAKAMI A E,PEDROSO A A,et al.Caecal micro biota of chickens fed diets containing propolis[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2017,101(3):484-492.

[66]ZHANDI M M.ANSARI P,ROKNABADI A.et al.Orally admin istered Chrysin improves post-thawed sperm quality and fertility of rooster[J].ReprodDomestAnim,2017,52:1004-1010.

[67]MEHAISEN G M K,IBRAHIM R M,DESOKY A A,et al.The importance of propolis in alleviating the negative physiological effects of heat stress in quail chicks[J].PloS one,2017,12(10):e0186907.

[68]马霞，郭振环，刘永录，等.纳米蜂胶黄酮对猪细小病毒的体内外抗病毒作用[J].中国兽医学报，2017，37(1):18-22.

[69]YANG W,WU Z,HUANG ZY,et al.Preservation of orange juice using propolis[J].Journal of Food Science and Technology,2017,54(11):3375-3383.

[70]RIOS F,LOBO M,SAMMAN N.Acceptability of beehive products as ingredients in quinoa bars[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2018,98:174-182.

（续完）