感谢主办方的邀请，感谢江南大学的各位领导和设计学院的各位领导的邀请，我很高兴能够来到无锡，非常开心能够有这样的机会。

今天我想先给大家做一个简单的自我介绍，讲讲我个人一路的发展。今天我们的主题是设计与转型，或者说设计与变化，而对我个人来讲，我也在一生当中经历了很多变化，所以我想给大家讲一讲这当中的一些重要的事件，这些事件让我的人生发生了很多变化。我就出生在印度，包括我早期求学的阶段都是在印度。这是1976年的一张照片，在当中留大胡子的那个人就是我，当时我和在座各位一样，是一个设计学院的学生，我当时也在学习设计。这可以说是我理解设计的一个起点，一个开始。我右边这个人是Charles Eames，他是当时最有名最著名的设计师之一，我非常荣幸能够和他一起工作。从这份工作经历当中学到了很多关于设计的基本知识，以及如何处理复杂的设计问题。从那时候起，我开始懂得，设计不仅仅是设计一个物品，更是意味着解决复杂的问题。

1986年，当我在进行着设计创新实践时，电脑刚刚开始进入我们的生活---最开始是麦金塔电脑。电脑的出现让设计师有了更有力的工具来进行出版、平面设计等工作，比如可以使用Photoshop来完成以前无法完成的工作。但是当时计算机太贵了，我其实也没有办法接触到，所以我就试图寻找可以一个让我学习计算机技术的地方。后来我找到了芝加哥的伊利诺伊理工，当时那里的教授已经在使用最先进的方法，使用计算机来做设计。大家看到图中右边这个小设备，这就是打字机。当时我用这个打字机写信，然后邮寄出去。三周后我收到了那边教授的回信，他邀请我去伊利诺伊理工，说我在那边可以学到很多关于计算机辅助设计的知识。于是我就去了。那是一段非常有趣的经历，我花了很多时间与Jay Doblin待在一起，他是一个非常好的设计师，也是我这辈子遇见的最有名的老师。他和同伴在芝加哥成立了“Doblin Group”公司，专注于设计战略，而我在那工作了十二年。

这段工作经历使我有机会与各种公司合作，比如Apple，Texas Instruments,SAS airlines。借助设计的方法与技术，我进行了各种探索以及实验。同时我也管理了许多有趣的设计项目。通过在这里的咨询工作，我学到了很多。之后，我打算平衡一下我的工作，开始接受更多的项目---符合我自己兴趣的项目，比如像教学、分享、出书、设计等等。在2002年的时候，我去了芝加哥的设计学院，那是在全世界领先的设计学院，引领着前沿的设计潮流，所以我非常高兴能够成为其中的一员。也是在那时，我有机会能够写作和出版我的这些知识，比如《企业创新101设计法》。这本书被翻译成了繁体中文、简体中文，同时也有印度尼西亚语、泰语、日语等多种语言。这本书现在被全世界的创新者所使用。

当然，我和许多公司合作，来帮助他们解决一些设计问题，同时告诉他们如何使用他们的设计来影响全世界。当下的世界让我们充分享受到了技术带来的好处---我们使用电脑、软件，比如微信和email，让我觉得生活非常美好。技术已经成为了我们工作和生活不可或缺的一部分，与我们的日常生活紧密地结合在一起了。

我希望大家能使用我刚刚跟大家分享的这七条原则。

对于设计师而言，最大的问题是如何在这个变化的世界进行设计，如何在变革的环境中进行创新。我们所有人需要自问：作为设计师，我如何通过我的工作影响和改变世界？在我的《企业创新101设计法》这本书中，我跟大家分享了一些我的想法。

而在接下来的演讲当中，我将要跟大家来分享六个主要的原则。我们所有人都应该来尝试使用的六个原则。事实上，在我的工作中，我一直在应用这些原则，或直接或间接。这些原则对于创新来说非常重要。我们一个一个来看一下。

第一个就是全盘考虑各方的利益相关者，也就是要有考虑所有人的大局观。你需要全盘考虑各方面进而找到解决问题的方法。所以我们在讲到创新的时候，我们可以使用这个原则（模型）。比如说，当我们把技术应用到创新中来的时候，这项技术的开发者就要在创新的过程中扮演非常重要的角色。此外，商界和市场要素也要整合进来。我们还要关注我们设计的对象以及他们的体验。心理学家、行为学家、人类学家，都能很好地理解人的行为，研究他们的经历以及他们的行为会产生的结果。最后是社会以及环境的影响。我们所做的设计创新能够对社会和环境带来什么新的改变。

喷洒装置的安装首先必须保证行车安全与畅通，并尽量减少对相关道路设施的不良影响，尤其是在快速路上的施工，全面研究分析喷洒装置的安装对道路净空、防炫效果、驾驶安全等方面的影响显得尤为重要。

Next is empathy, that you can feel others' feelings. Are you able to stand in the perspective of the users to feel what they want, it needs a lot of skills. These skills can come from fields like psychology and behavioral science. Only through these ways can we have empathy and really know what's going on inside others’ brains. If we can achieve this, then it obviously will provide great help for our design.

按照这个原则，应该把那些科学家、社会工作者，那些正在密切专注社会环境的、环境学家等等，所有这些人都包含到创新的过程中来。创新是中心，能够把所有的这些都链接在一起。这是非常重要的。

作为设计师，我们有时候太关注自己面前的这些问题，从而可能忘掉其他的方面，这一点需要提高。我们要有全局观，必须保持开放的态度，倾听像研究者、商业分析师或者经济学专家的意见。这是我们每天日常都要做的。我们叫做“带来灵感的合作”。当我们做项目的时候，所有的人精诚合作---提供资金的人、公司执行官、或者是设计师等等---所有利益相关者一起合作。如果你是公司的财务官，也欢迎加入，帮助我们的创新能够成功。这是我们每天都要做的。

然后很重要的一点，我们需要一些工具来重建我们的思维模式，能够重塑或者重建我们思考的工具。我们刚刚仅仅谈到了技术的变化，但是更重要的是我们经历的变化。什么叫做重建？重建就是改变问题的解决方式。比如说苹果，当他们推出ipod时，他们并不是做了更好的MP3播放器，而是完全提升了人们听音乐的体验。他们通过iPhone、iPad以及其他一系列的产品，重塑了体验。类似的产品也还有很多。比如亚马逊使用无人机来送货，就是重塑了快递的概念，我相信未来也会在中国使用。他们完全改变了送货的概念，如果你在阿里巴巴上订了什么东西，他们不让快递员送了，而是直接让无人机来送。亚马逊现在已经在使用这个技术，他们是在重建这个世界。

从图2数据表可以看出，影响学生转专业的原因有很多，学生转专业的主要动因是由个人兴趣、就业前景、学习困难、换个环境等方面影响。尤其是有79%是原因个人兴趣，由此可得大部分的学生转专业是因为专业学习的内容或者专业本身与自己的兴趣不一致，根本原因还是对专业的不了解，才出现了不清楚自己对本专业是否真正热爱。

这是一张人口数量变化的图，蓝色的线代表农村人口，红色的线代表城市人口。可以看到，农村的人口不断在下降，城市的人口不断在上升。到2050年，城市人口会翻倍，而农村人口会越来越少。到2050年，超过60亿的人会居住在城市，这会对我们的环境和社会产生深刻的影响。所以我们要建立智慧城市。我们如何能够重建我们的城市，来容纳这么多的且不断上升的人口？我们借助各种技术在这样的智慧城市里所做的事情，就是一个重建的例子。

比如在每天出行的时候，人们利用各种技术、设备来辅助出行，让城市更加的智能。在未来我们会建造智能的系统。在美国，我们会使用更多的自我学习、自我意识，反馈式的、预测性的、自动化的技术，来重建一个智慧的城市。

第三个原则就是我们所做的创新要能让用户开心。对于给人们使用的产品，我们要以人为中心进行设计。我们要思考，如果她是我的客户，我要如何让她开心。我需要进入她的大脑，了解她的渴望、她的需求。如果我能真的知道她的需求，那么作为一个设计者，我们就能够为她设计他想要的东西。iPod就是一个很好的例子，当时它重塑了音乐播放器---不仅仅是带来一个更好的产品，而是带来更好的音乐体验。我非常喜欢iPod Touch，它有两个最主要的点，一个是“工程的”，意味着硬件，另一个是“趣味”，为了最大化的愉悦、快乐，这两点非常重要。注重产品的体验，也是为什么iPod能够这么成功的原因。许多其他的产品也是一样的，比如说iPhone，我们在使用的时候也会收获很多的乐趣。

就业难一直是应用型本科院校发展的瓶颈。学生毕业即面临着失业，毕业后是就业还是创业，成为众多应届毕业生面临的棘手难题。而将“双创”理念与电子商务课程的培养目标相整合，能够逐渐激发学生的创新意识，提高学生的创业能力，使其充分认识自身的能力和社会对人才需求的方向，自觉挖掘潜能，主动寻求发展机遇，增强自信心，提升就业竞争力。

经过联合药物治疗后,观察组患者的舒张压及收缩压为(70.04±5.33)mm Hg、(89.62±8.47)mm Hg,对照组患者的舒张压及收缩压为(102.25±8.14)mm Hg(140.52±10.09)mm Hg,两组差异明显,具有统计学意义,P<0.05,见表1。

This is the world that enables us to enjoy great technologies.These technologies, as you can see,we are using computers, software,for example WeChat, email, and so many other technologies, making me feel that life is very good. Whether we are talking about work or life,technologies of today have become an indispensable part, an integral part of our daily life.

苹果现在也在生产智能汽车，希望能够重塑汽车领域的概念，让人们开车能够更加的愉悦。他们正在秘密的进行这方面的工作，我们也很期待最后的结果是怎样的。

接下来讲的原则是同理心，也就是你能感同身受，感受到别人的感觉。你是不是能够站在终端用户的角度去体会、体验到他们想要的东西，这其实是需要很多的技巧的。这种技巧可能来自心理学、行为科学这些知识。只有这样才能够让我们有一个同理心，让我们真的能够知道别人的脑子里在想什么。如果我们能做到这一点，那么对我们的设计也显然是会有更好的帮助的。

For example, through different street and mobile devices, during a day trip in the city, people will use a variety of technologies to do their activities, letting the city be more intelligent. In the future, we will build systems that are intelligent.As in the United States, we will use more systems that are selfaware, self-learning, responsive,predictive, and autonomous, using all kinds of technologies in helping us rebuild cities as smart cities.

我们还可以借助其他的技巧，来使企业里的人变得更有创新性。比如设计一些创意实验室，以及物理的或虚拟的实验室。所有人都可以参与到这个模拟的工作空间中来，这样就能帮助公司重塑他们的创新文化。此外，开放创新也是一个非常重要的概念，也就是人人都可以参与，都可以进行创新。比如说有一家非常有名的医疗公司，它们有开源设计，进行开放创新，一旦某个产品最后成功了，公司只会获得一部分的利润，而另一部分的版权是要给开放创新过程中做出贡献的人的。未来他们肯定会有更多这样的开放创新。

高文军[4]等认为超声引导下穿刺活检方便、简单、安全、准确，在严格掌握适应证的情况下，可以用于卵巢癌的诊断及鉴别诊断。本研究在超声引导下穿刺活检中有6例穿刺病例病理提示：无法诊断（组织量少或坏死物），并将这6例归为阴性。其中有2例术后证实为畸胎瘤，4例术后证实为恶性卵巢肿瘤。回归分析：这6例盆腔肿块内部回声均以囊性成分为主，肿块较大，穿刺物为：坏死物或纤维组织，存在假阴性。

第五个原则是要拓展创新的含义。就是说我们不仅仅只是关注产品本身，而是要知道与这个产品相关的所有能带来价值的东西。包括这个产品会涉及到怎样的法律法规，这方面的内容其实就很多。以大家经常使用的产品为例，比如说出租车系统，就不仅仅是坐车、付钱，像优步、滴滴---他们现在已经合并了---他们其实是提供了一个服务系统，从而改善了人们的乘车出行的体验，这不仅仅是一个简单的系统，而是为整个的士行业带来变革的系统。

Also, we need to have tools to rebuild our mental models,tools that reconstruct, rebuild our thought. We just talked about technological changes. But it is also about our experiences that change,what can be called reconstruction.Reconstruction means changing the solution to a problem. For example,Apple, when it designed iPod, it is not that they designed a better MP3 player, they have completely improved the experience of people who enjoyed music. They reframed experiences through the iPhone, iPad, and other similar products that are in development today. Similarly unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that Amazon uses for delivery, is also reconstructing the idea of delivery. I believe, they will also be used in China too in the future.

还有包括今天双十一，单身节这些，也是类似的。上次我听说双十一的营业额达到了140亿。阿里巴巴其实做了非常好的商业创新，并不仅仅是零售，而是技术与体验的整合创新。包括阿里也革新了支付体系，其实把所有的这些都整合到了一起，提供了一个完全不同的消费体验。

还有一些其他的成功例子，比如说谷歌操作系统、微信以及美国用的脸书，这些平台也都是非常宽的系统层面的概念，是针对大的系统情境去设计的，而不仅仅针对某个特点产品。

最后一个原则是针对如下问题的：“我要如何进行创新”以及“我要如何开始真正的实践”。在我的书当中我提出了这个模型，也是我课堂上会教的一个模型。在这个模型当中有四个维度，都是设计当中非常重要的。它们是：研究，分析，整合，实践。在这些维度中还有很多需要遵守的步骤，我会很快的展示一下这些步骤。

首先就是要知道你的设计意图是什么。就是在设计的过程当中，要知道你真正想要设计什么，你的问题是什么。要知道问题在哪里，是不是一个新的问题。我们必须要尽早认识这个问题。这就是我说的对于意图的第一感受。这个过程和冲浪很相似，（这里有一张冲浪运动员站在海边准备冲浪的图片），在准备要冲浪的时候，他往往会拿着冲浪板在岸边站很久，而不会直接下水。他为什么在岸边站那么久？他在干什么？他其实在思考，在观察，观察海浪的情况是否适合下水，思考风向、风的强度是否适合下水。这就是下水之前的早期思考，而不是冒冒然就下水。设计也是这样，我们要先退一步，先想想我要设计的是什么，它到底是怎样的。

接下来第二步，我们要了解问题的背景。如果我们要给城市街道进行一个设计，我们需要先了解真实的背景，比如这张照片是我从芝加哥的办公室拍的，一个街景图。可以看到这个背景当中有各种各样的事物，有过马路的行人、飞驰的车、停着的车、街灯、桥梁、路标等等。所有这些相关要素组成了整个系统，成为这个系统当中的不同部分。因此首先我们就要了解这些背景信息，然后去知道如何综合考虑所有的部分来形成一种和谐的整合。

下一步是要了解人，像我刚才讲到，比如这个人是你的用户，属于你产品的目标用户群，那么你就需要知道这样一个人在做什么，想什么。一旦你了解到了这些之后，你就需要进行到下一步---去洞察，形成你的洞见。这是什么意思？就是说，当你通过前面两步收集了大量的信息之后，就需要从一个更高的角度去看待这些信息，去获得更多的洞察---这可能要花很多天，甚至很多周，才能找到一些范式，一些规律，指导我们下一步该怎么做。一旦我们有了比较好的洞见，我们就可以探索各种各样的想法和概念了。

大家知道这张图是哪个电影里的场景吗？能认出来吗？它是18年前汤姆·克鲁斯拍的《少数派报告》，是一部关于未来技术的电影。这部电影的拍摄过程中找了一个设计团队，来对未来进行畅想，从而帮助电影脚本的制作。在这个畅想的过程当中，他们想出了各种各样的关于未来技术应用的概念。并在这个电影当中，应用了他们想到的很多概念，比如说悬在空中的可以使用手势控制来进行人机交互的屏幕。事实上在18年以后，这当中的很多技术已经成为了现实，比如无人驾驶车、虹膜识别、蜘蛛机器人。所以说，我们可以想出在未来可能实现的解决方案，这是非常有趣的，而这也是设计中有挑战的部分。

你可能通过头脑风暴想出很多的概念，但是仅仅拥有概念是不够的，，因为它还没有被实施，没有真的被付诸实践。所以我们要做最后一步，也就是实践解决方案，也就是最终提供给客户的东西。当我们有了一个概念，一个抽象的解决方案时，要回到现实来实现它。在设计的过程中，我们都学了如何制作小模型，或者是产品原型。在做原型的时候，我们不仅要考虑到概念，还要考虑到企业战略，市场，定价等等。这里就有一个例子， TOMS SHOES品牌，如果你买一双鞋，就会有一双鞋就会直接捐到一些发展中国家，比如说印度、非洲。这个想法其实是非常好的。最初的时候很多人对这个概念有些质疑，你这样还赚钱吗？但是现在很多企业都在做，因为这个想法不仅对世界有益，也有助于商业成功。

上述的这个过程并不是完全线性的，有些过程是非线性的。在遵循这些步骤时，你必须非常小心，要知道某些步骤可能是乱序的。当你在做一个设计项目时，不要期望它是一个线形的过程。这些步骤也是需要迭代的。比如有些早期的原型，你设计完了之后，可能需要三到四个原型的迭代才能真正进入生产阶段。

我们已经改变了我们看待世界的方式，这张截图就来自于谷歌地图。从每天早上我起床的那一刻开始，就有各种公司在影响着我的每日生活，包括像微信、阿里巴巴、脸书、谷歌等等。各种各样的公司都在影响着我的生活，改变着我们共同生活的这个世界。我们在谷歌地图上再把地球转一转，这时候我们看到的只有水---这是太平洋。也就是当我们换个角度看这个世界的时候，会发现这个世界不仅只有技术，还有各种影响我的公司，等等。还有我的行为，我的经历。比如我在旅行途中拍照，可以通过微信或者脸书，来与朋友分享，也能把故事同家庭和朋友分享。这是我们正在做的事情，如果我们想要建立一个可持续的世界---张教授之前提到了社会角色---我们都是世界的一部分，我们需要做一些事情来让这个世界更加美好，这是我们需要考虑的。同时我们一直关注这些词，比如“开放创新”、绿色、回收再循环的能源保护等等。对于我们的每一个项目，我们都必须考虑是否对社会和环境有益，这是非常重要的。

接下来我会给大家播放一个视频，帮大家回顾一下这个过程。这个视频通过图解动画展示了我刚刚讲的七个步骤。

（视频）

这是对我刚才讲的七个过程的快速回顾，我们需要使用这些原则来做出成功的设计，从而使明天更加美好。

我们需要把设计内容和设计过程整合起来，来应对未来的挑战，进而改变设计这个概念本身。非常感谢各位。

第3主成分的特征值为1.130 5，贡献率为11.31%，单株荚数特征向量值为最大，特征值0.489 2，其次为产量，特征值为0.417 3，可以把该主成分称为产量因子。单荚粒数的特征向量值为负数但最高，说明红小豆变异品系选择中单纯追求单株荚数可能引起单荚粒数的降低，但对产量影响不明显。

Thank you for having me here.Thank you, leaders of Jiangnan University and School of Design.Thank you for inviting me to the city of Wuxi, I enjoy it here.

I want to give you some introduction. First of all, my personal background. We are talking about design and the transition,right? Design and Change. My personal adventure itself was a journey of change. I would like to tell you some of the important events in that journey, that had affected me，in my life. You see the city in the picture; it’s a part of India,where I was born, including my early schooling days. By 1976, you see the guy with the big beard, that’s me.Under the picture, I had to write my name! I was a design student,like some of you here, right? I was learning about design. That was a big part of my journey to understand what is design. The person on the right, Charles Eames，is one of the most prominent designers at that time. I had the good fortune to work with him, and learn a lot about the fundamentals, how to handle complexities. During that time, I explored the idea that design is not just designing a product, but it also means solving complex problems.

Of course, you guys are the future of design, and you will design many good things in the future. In my case, going back to 1986, when I was practicing design innovation, that was the time computers began coming to our lives. The first Macintosh became available. Designers became much more empowered to do such things like self-publishing, beautiful graphics, and using Photoshop to do many things we couldn’t do without computers. But it was too expensive then, by 1986, I couldn’t get my hands on those computer devices to help me out. So, I was searching for another place where I can learn about it. Then I found this place, Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago,the professor was using the most advanced methods, using computers as a tool for design. You see the device on the right, it is typewriter. I used to type my letter, mailed it,and waited for about three weeks before the professor replied. He invited me to IIT in Chicago, saying if I go there, I would learn a lot about computer aided design. That’s how I went to the IIT. I had real fun there, and I spent a lot of time with Jay Doblin, the great designer,one of the most famous teachers in my life. His partner founded a company in Chicago, called Doblin Group,focused on design strategy. I happily joined the company, worked there for twelve years.

That gave me opportunities to work with companies such as Apple,Texas Instruments, SAS airlines, and other similar companies. I could do many experiments with design methods and techniques that I could evaluate. I was also supervising many interesting design projects. I learned a variety of things in this agency through the consulting work I was doing. Later, I decided to rebalance my work, I began to accept more projects, which is in line with my own interests, such as teaching,sharing, publishing, designing and so on. In 2002, I joined the Institute of Design in Chicago, the world's leading design school. It is leading the world in latest design trends, so I was very glad to be there. That was the time I also got an opportunity to write and publish my knowledge, such as the book “101 Design Methods.”

As you can see, the book was translated in traditional Chinese language and simplified Chinese.My book is translated into other languages as well, such as Korean,Indonesian, Thai, and Japanese. My book is used around the world by innovators. Of course, I worked with many companies, to help them with their design problems. At the same time, I show them how to use their designs to influence and impact the world.

我们手机和平板电脑中各种各样的应用，比如无论去哪里都要用到的导航，比如各种各样的游戏，所有这些应用都给我们带来了愉悦。同样的，像apple watch的系统，以及苹果的车载操作系统（Apple Carplay），都极大地提升了我们的驾车体验。

We have changed how we see our world now. This picture is from an app called Google Earth. When I get up in the morning, there are many companies affecting my everyday life,including WeChat, Alibaba, Facebook,Google etc. All kinds of companies are affecting my life, are changing the world for all of us. We now turn the world once again, we only see water. What we now see is the Pacific Ocean. But when we see the world differently, it is not just about technology, but also about companies that affect me and so on.And it is also about what I can do,my experience. When we take pictures during travel, we can put these on WeChat, and Facebook, to share with our friends. We can share our stories with our family and friends.

This is what we are doing, if we're going to have a sustainable world, Professor Zhang had mentioned the social role before, we are part of the world, we need to do some good things, making our world better, this is what we must consider. At the same time, we use these words, such as open innovation and other words,such as the concept of conservation of energy as green, recycle, and recovery. For the projects that we do, we need to see if it is good for our society and our environment. This is also very important.

For designers, the big question is how can we design for the transformation in this world? How to create innovations in such a changing world? That is a question all of us need to ask: I, as a designer,how can I influence and impact the world through my work? In my book 101 design methods I share some of my ideas and thoughts with you.

In this speech, I'm going to mainly share six major principles with everyone. All of us should try to use these six principles. In fact,I, directly or indirectly, am in the application of these principles in my own work. This is very important for everyone, for innovation. Let’s look at them one by one.

The first is about considering all stakeholders, in which you must have a vision to include everyone. You need to look at all aspects comprehensively to find a way to solve problems. So, when we talk about innovation, we can use this model, for example, when we bring technology into the world of innovation, the developers of these technologies must play a very important role in the process of the innovation.

The business community and the markets also need to be integrated in our approach to innovation. We also need to pay attention to the people we are designing for and their experiences. Psychologists,behaviorists, and anthropologists are able to understand human behavior, to study what people’s experiences and their behaviors and will be able to contribute. The last is the social and environmental factors. What we can do to make some new changes to society and the environment as we develop design innovations?

县域电网指 110 kV 及以下的配电网，处于电网输电末端，直接面对电力用户。我国县供电企业普遍对通信技术和组网方式选择重视不够，县域电力通信网建设缺乏系统规划，建设及运营成本偏高，投入与产出不匹配，通信网整体水平落后于电网发展。县域电力通信网的特点见表1所列。

Those who work as scientists and social workers, or those who are paying close attention to the social environment, environmental experts and so on, all those people, in fact, should be involved according to this principle. Innovation is the hub, to which the pieces are linked together. This is very important.We as designers, we sometimes are too focused on the problems we are facing, what we need to improve, we may forget other aspects. However,big pictures are what we need to focus on, we must be very open,and listen to many people such as researchers, business analysts,financial experts, and so on, to give us their perspectives. This is what we need to do every day. We can call it, cooperation that brings inspiration.

在“互联网+”、大数据、云计算等新一代信息技术迅速发展的时代，智慧政府背景下从食品安全大数据的角度研究佛山市食品安全现状，通过完善食品安全追溯系统和食品安全大数据体系，以期望实现佛山市食品安全态势分析、风险评估及早期预警，进行食源性疾病溯源研究等，使食品安全大数据真正为政府管理服务，驱动行业创新发展，融入老百姓日常生活，使佛山市食品安全治理实现法制化、专业化、智能化、社会化，真正做到食品来源可溯、流向可追、责任可查、质量可控、风险可估、疾病可防。

When we do a project, all of us work together, we agree to cooperate,and put together all stakeholders-- people giving money, a company executive, a designer, and so on --to work together. If you are the financial officer of the company, you are also welcome to join in, to help innovations succeed. This is what we must do every day.

主动脉瓣狭窄（AS）是最常见的心脏瓣膜病。其病因不尽相同，治疗上取决于AS的严重程度和患者的临床症状。随着矛盾的低血流、低跨瓣压差伴正常射血分数的重度AS的提出，重度AS的诊断和干预节点备受挑战[1] 。部分研究指出，左室纵轴收缩功能与跨瓣压差和心功能相关，因而进一步影响治疗策略与患者预后[2] ，因此本研究综合临床及超声心动图资料，对不同跨瓣压差、不同射血分数的重度AS左室纵轴收缩功能做一对比分析。

教师必须从学生对中长跑体育活动存有抵触心理的原因出发，才能够因原因转变自己的教学方向。之所以学生对中长跑运动存有抵触心理，主要有三方面原因。

They completely change the concept of delivery, if you order something on Alibaba, they just don't let the courier to send, and they send them directly through unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Amazon is now using this technology and they are reconstructing the concept of delivery.

This is a figure of population growth, as you can see, the rural population and urban population. For rural population growth, the line is blue and the urban population is in red. There’s a decline in rural population, the urban population is on the rise. We can see the trends.In 2050, we may have double the urban population, while rural population become less and less. More than 6 billion people will live in cities by the year 2050. So, it is will have a major impact on our environment and society. So, we must build smart cities. How can we rethink our cities, to accommodate so much rising population? What we are doing in smart cities by using a variety of technologies is another example of reconstruction or rebuilding.

下面还有另外三个原则。一个是通过创新的文化来激励行动。我们需要帮助组织和机构里的其他人，让他们也变得更加的创新。我们要去培养一种创新的文化氛围。那要如何做到这一点？对我来说，这意味着成为一个领导者。事实上很多人在领导这方面都做得非常好，他们凭借自己的力量把整个的公司变成了一个非常创新的企业。另一个方法就是成为团队当中的团队之星，然后通过团队合作慢慢的改变整个机构的文化。当然其实是非常有难度的，尤其是对于大的企业来说，因为他们的企业文化相对稳定，更加难以改变。

Third principle is to create innovations that make us happy. As for products people use, we ought to do people-centered design. How do we make people happy, if she is my client, I will need to enter her mind, where I can understand her desires and what she wants. If we can really know her needs, then as designers, we can design for her and for what she really wants. Like iPod,which is a good example. At that time, it redefined music players,when it was not only to bring a better product, but a better music experience. I really like iPod Touch,it has two words, “engineered” is about the hardware, “funness” is about maximizing the joy, happiness.These two words are very important.The point of this product was the experience, why the iPod was so successful. Many other products are the same, such as iPhone, we will also feel very happy when using.

The various apps in our phones and tablets, just like navigation apps which we can’t leave when going out, and different kinds of games that we can play. All these apps which we can use every day bring us joy. Similarly the system of Apple watch and Apple cars the operating systems of which is created to dramatically improve our driving experience.

Apple is designing these smart cars, by which they want to reshape the concept in the field of automobile, to make people more delightful when driving. They are designing the car in secrecy; we are looking forward to the result.

印刷工业在国民经济中占有重要地位，提高印刷装备的设计、制造水平是印刷工业持续稳步发展的重要保证.印刷机械是精密、高速、自动化的光机电一体化设备，随着印刷机速度日益提高，机械运动副间隙、构件的弹性变形、机械系统非线性振动等引起的机械运动学、动力学输出的微小变化，都会使印刷机的精度、印刷质量和机械可靠性下降，甚至无法正常工作.因此，在印刷机设计过程中，应充分考虑机械系统的非线性动力学特性，进行非线性动力学分析计算[1].

Then follows three other important principles. The first one is to motivate action through the culture of innovation. We need to help others, others in organizations,to become more innovative. We need to cultivate an innovative culture atmosphere. But how can we do this?For me, it is about being a leader.A lot of people do very well in this respect. They make the whole company into a very innovative enterprise by their own actions. Another way is to become a star of the team, and then slowly change the culture of the organization through teamwork.But it is very difficult to do so,especially in large corporations, in which the culture is quite stable and is quite hard to change.

We can think of other techniques,to help us change people in enterprises, make them become more innovative. Such as designing a creative lab, physical or virtual laboratory. Everybody can participate in this simulated working space, it can also help enterprises to reshape their culture of innovation. Open innovation is another very important concept, in which everyone can participate, everyone can innovate.For example, there's a very famous medical company, they have an open source design, they design products through open innovation and once a product finally succeeds, they would only get part of the profits, one part of the copyright would be given to the contributor. In the future,there will be more and more of such open innovation initiatives.

The fifth principle is about extending the context of innovation,we not only focus on a product, but also try to know everything else around it that brings value to us.Including laws and regulations this product will be involved in, there are all kinds of content that we need to know. Consider products people often use, such as the taxi system.It is not just we take a taxi and we just pay for it. Uber, Didi, they now have merged, they actually have a service system that dramatically improves people’s travel experience,so it is not only a very simple system but also a system that drives change in the taxi industry.Including during the Double 11 today,singles day, as you all know.

读者们，去想像一张地图。在这张打开的地图上，有一些枝枝蔓蔓的地形构造，但这些不属于某个人，属于那些说“这里”的风景们——就像我们所有的说话者都说“我”那样。想象一下与我们通行有关的记忆，这种记忆指向你的前方，同时又指向着你的后背，一步一步地以某种不规则的方式慢慢扩展着，令人不快的是，它是非个人的。记忆没有腿，但它会将我们拖曳至现在的深处，因为当我们向后看时，我们只能从“这里”开始，从“这里”凝望那个不存在的向我们迄迤而去的过去。因此，过去有双层皮肤，两种触觉：一个过去指向现在，一个过去指向非现在。

Last I heard that the Double 11’s turnover reached a value of$14 Billion. So, Alibaba actually has a very good business innovation.The successful innovation of Alibaba is not just a retail innovation,but it is actually an integrated innovation combing all kinds of technologies and all kinds of experiences together. A payment system innovation is also included in this integration, providing to the consumer a completely new and different experience.

There are some other successful examples such as Google Operating System, and WeChat -- we use and Facebook instead in the United States --, these platforms are also very broad system-level concepts.They are designed for a very broad system context, not just focused on a specific product by itself.

The last principle, which I will go over in more detail tomorrow, is about the questions “What should I do for innovation?” and “How do I go to the real practice?” I have described this model in detail in the book. A model that I teach in my class too. In this model, there are four topics, all these topics are very important in design. They are research, analysis, synthesis,and implementation. We have a lot of steps in this process of design that we need to follow. I will quickly show these steps.

The first is to know what's your intention, when you are in the process of design, you need to know what you really want to design,what is your problem. You need to know where the problem is, is it a new problem? We must recognize this problem very early. This is what I say, first sense or feel your intent.It's like surfing, once he wants to surf, he would take a surf board,he would stand on the shore for a long time, he wouldn't dive in the water first. Why does he stand on the shore for so long? What is he doing?He is thinking, he is watching the sea, watching the waves of the sea,asking if it is fit for him to be in the water, he is thinking about the strength of the wind, asking if the wind is right. So that is early thinking, before surfing, to make sure there in no risk.

Design is also like this, we need to step back and think of what we are going to design in the first place, what it is about. Next, as a second step, we need to know what the background is. If we are designing anything for our city streets, we must first understand the realistic background, such as seen in the photo I took in Chicago from my office, a street view. You can see all kinds of things in the background, the pedestrian crossing the road, cars moving, cars parked, street lights,the bridge, street signs etc. All these different stakeholders, in fact, make up the whole system,as being various parties of the system. So, the first thing we must understand is the background information, and know how to achieve a very harmonious, integration of different parties involved.

Next step is to understand people, as I have just talked about,for instance, if the person is your user, part of the target user group of your product, then you need to know what is that person doing,thinking. Once you understand the reality and understand the people,you will need to go to the next step.You need to find insights, and shape your insights. What is the meaning of all these? Once you collect a lot of information in the previous two steps, we need to look at the information in a high level, to gain more insight into the content, which may take many days or even weeks,to find some patterns, to find some laws, that will let us know what to do next. Once we have good insights,we know we can explore various kinds of ideas and concepts.

自信息技术出现以后，凭借着出众的性能与能力，信息技术成功的被应用到人类社会发展的方方面面。信息技术不仅改变了人们对生活工作的看法，同时也提高了人们的生活学习质量。尤其是在教育系统当中，信息技术的出现更是有着丰富教育资源，实现教育公平，不受时间地域限制的线上教育等功能和优势。成人教育是我国教育系统中一项非常重要的教育，和全日制教育有着不同的教育形式和教学形式。是帮助成人取得专业资格、提高技术、丰富知识、增长能力的重要途径。因很多成人缺少足够的时间参与课堂学习，因此信息技术在成人教育中有着重大潜力，这就要求成人教育教师必须要掌握信息教育素质。

Do you know this picture is from which movie? Can you recognize? It is from the movie called “Minority Report” acted by Tom Cruise 18 years ago, the film is obviously a movie about exploring the future technology. The movie makers found a design team to think about the future and contribute to the script.Then during the process of their imagination, they came up with a variety of concepts of technology application in the future. So, in this movie, they applied a lot of these concepts. For example, a screen in the air using gestural recognition for human-computer interaction and so on. In fact, after 18 years, so many of the technologies shown in the movie have become real, such as unmanned vehicle, iris recognition,spiderbots. It is very interesting that we can actually conceive solutions that will work in the future, and we can make it a part of the challenge in our design process.

You may come up with many concepts when doing brainstorming.But having a lot of ideas alone in not enough because they have not been really implemented. So, we must do the last step, which is to implement our solutions, that we provide for customers. When we have an idea,an abstract solution, we will have to come back to reality to make it real. In design process, we have all learned about how to make a small model, a prototype of a product we design. When creating prototypes of our ideas, we also consider that this is not only just about the idea, but also about the enterprise strategy,the market, pricing, and so on. Here is an example, you know, TOMS SHOES,when you buy a pair of shoes, another pair of shoes will be directly delivered to someone in a developing country, such as India or Africa.The idea is very good. At first many people questioned about the concept,whether you can still make a profit by doing so? But you can. Many companies are doing similar things,because it is about doing good for the world while also succeeding in business.

This process is not completely linear, and some of the processes happen nonlinearly. When using this process you must be very careful and recognize that some of the processes may be random. When you are working on a design project, you cannot expect it always has linear growth.The process is also reiterative. Some of the early prototypes, after you finish designing them, you may have to finish three or four prototypes before finally producing them.

I hope everybody will try to use these seven principles, which I just shared with you.

Now I am going to show you a short video, to help you see this process. This video shows the seven steps as diagrammatic animations.

（Video）

This is a quick view of the seven steps in the design process. We need to apply this process and all these principles, and make our designs successful so that tomorrow can become a wonderful place.

We need to integrate our design content and design process together and take on the challenges of the future and thereby change the concept of design itself. Congratulations to all of you and thank you very much.