From June 25 to 26, 2018 Civil BRICS Forum was held in Johannesburg, South Africa. This Forum was co-hosted by Economic Justice Network and National Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences (NIHSS) of South Africa. Over one hundred CSO representatives from South Africa, China, India, Russia and other developing countries joined the Forum. China NGO Network for International Exchanges (CNIE)sent a delegation to attend the Forum. Themed on “BRICS and 2063 Agenda”, the Forum has seen in-depth discussions on topics such as New Development Bank, inclusive economic development, peace and security and gender equality, and approved Policy Recommendations of Civil BRICS as the outcome document, which was later submitted to the BRICS summit.

根据《教师法》第三条的规定，教师是在法律身份上是履行教育教学职责的专业人员。这就出现了一个问题：教师究竟是国家工作人员还是劳动人员或是专业技术人员。在给教师进行权益保护中，究竟是用技术人员的保障制度还是国家公务人员的保障制度给予教师权利相应的保障呢？这是法律从业者所共有的疑惑，给教师权益保护带来了阻力。其次，关于教师权利的法律条款比较笼统的法律概念，比较模糊不清，不能很好的明确教师所享有的权利和义务，在法律上为维护教师权利提供最有效的保护。

本桥梁直接横跨某既有高速公路，和高速公路一定角度相交，墩身和高速公路的边坡直相紧挨，场地限制较大，现场施工条件相对较差。除此之外，公路的车流量很大，横跨高速公路进行施工，安全保障难度较大。通过现场考察以后，决定采用龙门吊进行吊装施工。在临时支架进行腹杆拼装后，采用空门吊将其安放在横梁要求的位置。在横梁上，一般设置有调整机构，主要用于线性调整。

The Civil Society: Supporters of the BRICS cooperation

The BRICS cooperation has now entered the second “golden decade”. Since the establishment of the cooperation mechanism, BRICS countries have conducted cooperation in economic,financial, infrastructure, development,environmental protection and other sectors,pushing the world to develop in a more balanced and reasonable way on behalf of emerging economies. In recent years, the BRICS civil society has grown up, and CSOs have played an increasingly important role in promoting BRICS cooperation. In 2015 and 2016, Russia and India held the first and second Civil BRICS Forum respectively which have raised the voice of the civil society and contributed to BRICS cooperation from the perspective of CSOs. Last year China held the BRICS Political Parties,Think Tanks and Civil Society Organizations Forum in Fujian, facilitating the dialogues and communication among political parties, think tanks and civil society organizations of BRICS countries as well as other developing countries.

Although the Civil BRICS Forum is yet to be institutionalized, it has won the support of BRICS countries and attracted the participation of numerous CSO representatives. The Civil BRICS Forum can offer a civil perspective to government officials, air the voice of various groups, build a constructive platform for the civil society of BRICS countries, strengthen the civil and social foundation for BRICS cooperation, and also popularize the results of BRICS cooperation to improve its international impact.

Johannesburg Gathering: warm-up to the BRICS summit

一匹蒙古马有一种神态，一万匹蒙古马就有一万种风采。那些奔跑的草原马，像是一个一个的舞者，将曼妙的舞步轻踏在草地上，那飘扬的鬃毛是独有的旗帜，高昂的头颅与天共鸣，就这么跳着，不知疲倦。

The representatives also suggested making good use of the exchanges among the civil society as“Track 3” of BRICS cooperation to facilitate the people-to-people communication and cooperation,following “Track 1” (diplomatic and government channels) and “Track 2” (semi-official channels such as the BRICS Think Tank Council and Business Council). More efforts should be exerted to expand the impact of CSOs on the decisionmaking process, improve the cultural and social foundation of BRICS cooperation, and further promote people-to-people exchanges and South-South cooperation.

Held prior to the 10th BRICS summit, this year’s Civil BRICS cover a wide range of social and economic topics, focusing on six key areas,namely, inclusive economic development, mining,agriculture and climate change, New Development Bank, gender equality, youth development and peace and security, in an effort to put forward pragmatic suggestions to strengthen BRICS cooperation. According to the representatives,CSOs should strengthen dialogues to maintain smooth communication, further study cooperation and development strategies, offer innovative ideas and actions, and air the common voice for enhanced BRICS cooperation. More progress in the BRICS cooperation should not be limited in infrastructure or trade, but also in ecological protection, fairness and justice, as well as social equality through redistribution of wealth. We should pay more attention to social and cultural development. It is suggested that the state and the government should increase their supply and input in public goods, pay more attention to research in education, livelihood and science, accommodate the interest of poverty-stricken and disadvantaged people, and create a favorable environment for inclusive development.

China’s Input at Civil BRICS

As Deputy Secretary-General Liu Kaiyang said in his opening remarks, the topics of this year’s Civil BRICS cover a wide range of social and economic development sectors, showcasing the responsibilities and clout of NGOs on the international arena. We look forward to learning more about the development of BRICS countries in certain sectors from the perspective of CSOs, and contribute to non-governmental activities within the framework of the BRICS.He also briefed the audience on last year’s BRICS Political Parties, Think Tanks and Civil Society Organizations Forum held in Fujian,and expressed his expectation for enhanced cooperation among CSOs in poverty-alleviation,hygiene and environmental protection, with closer people-to-people bonds.

Mr. Liu then put forward three suggestions for future Civil BRICS: first, he suggested CSOs strengthening regular communication and consultation with the government. CSOs are encouraged to participate in side meetings and forums of official events to express views and make suggestions, set up on-line platforms to collect public opinions and send the feedbacks to the government regularly. Second, he suggested further expanding people-to-people exchanges among BRICS countries and build wider partnerships. CSOs should further tap their potentials to serve as the bridge for exchanges,be committed to improve the cooperation among BRICS countries as well as the cooperation with other emerging economies and developing countries, and jointly build a wider platform for development and cooperation. Third, he suggested pairing BRICS cooperation with other development plans from a civil perspective.For example, BRICS countries overlap with China’s Belt and Road partners, who shoulder the common task of promoting development. Efforts can be exerted to pair up BRICS cooperation and the Belt and Road initiative, and the experience of the BRICS cooperation can serve as reference for the Belt and Road initiative to sustain inclusive growth. Then Mr. Liu mentioned that CNIE initiated Silk Road NGO Cooperation Network(SIRONET) last year and staged its first forum in Beijing. More than 300 CSOs from over 60 countries and regions have joined SIRONET.CNIE would like to build SIRONET into an effective platform for CSOs partners along the Belt and Road to exchange information,coordinate actions and strengthen cooperation,and contribute to BRICS cooperation through people-to-people exchanges.

Other Chinese CSO representatives from CNIE and Beijing NGO Association for International Exchanges also spoke on inclusive economic development, youth exchanges, poverty alleviation and assistance to disabled people.