It is generally acknowledged that NGOs have played a crucial role in every society. After all,NGOs constitute one of the pillars of a wellfunctioning society; the other two being the state and private sector. Indeed, their roles are growing in importance in promoting peace, livelihood improvement, poverty alleviation and inclusive development both in domestic and international arenas. They help deliver certain public goods and services and provide socio-economic opportunities to the poor sectors of the society, complimenting those provided by the governments. Thus, NGOs are an important partner of governments in jointly addressing particular social issues. With a specific reason for their existence; that is, their mission,NGOs generally can tailor their interventions to the specific needs of a particular community, rendering their service delivery relatively effective.

对建筑工程造价进行动态管理与控制是我们国家建筑企业发展的需求，它在很多方面有着很重要的作用，它一方面能够有效的控制建筑工程的成本，保证工程的质量，另一方面还能够提高企业的竞争力，促使我们国家的建筑行业可以更好的发展下去。虽然我们国家在对建筑工程造价的控制和管理这一方面还有一定的不足之处，但是只要我们不断的去完善建筑工程造价的动态管理体系，不断的加强各个企业对工程造价动态管理和控制的认识，我们就一定会有所收获，我们国家建筑行业的未来是充满无限希望的。

To strengthen the roles of NGOs so as to bring about greater social impacts and more positive synergy, the Royal Government of Cambodia established the Civil Society Alliance Forum(CSAF) in 2016. CSAF is to provide a dialogue platform between the government and NGOs.NGOs can freely participate in this platform on a voluntary basis by adhering to the rule of law and democratic principles adapted to Cambodia’s context, scientific evidence-based reasoning rather than biased opinions, and mutual respect for each other’s roles. Such opinions and insights from intellectuals, researchers, academicians, and broader civil society through active participation in scientific debates and research would serve as invaluable, evidence-based inputs for new public policy proposals. Our fields of interest include,but not limited to, education, public health, public services at the grassroots level and promotion of worker well-being.

All this is to ultimately engender an effective coordination and harmonization among different circles of the society in order to better respond to social issues including poverty alleviation,environmental protection and sustainable development at the local, regional and international levels.

CSAF’s Perspectives on Cooperation and Exchanges

The paramount reason for our existence is to serve as a constructive forum as well as a bridge between the Royal Government and CSOs, in order to promote peace, cooperation and sustainable development in Cambodia. This is possible by ensuring a better understanding, coordination and dialogue for sustainable and harmonious operations of the civil society organizations in compliance with the Constitution and existing laws.

While Cambodia is a pluralistic, democratic country, where every citizen has the rights as well as obligations, as guaranteed by the Constitution and laws, to express opinions, we at CSAF believe that only those which are made through constructive dialogue based on sound scientific and evidence-based reasoning should prevail. This has to comply with the Constitution as well as the rule of law and democratic principles compatible with the prevailing societal values of the Cambodian nation. Or otherwise, they are merely lip services and no concrete actions can be realized, which may do harm than good to the society, and social harmony, unity, prosperity and progress may be paralyzed.

The Shenzhen Foundation also expressed its intention to support solar energy for the households in remote areas. In Beijing, the Cambodian delegation attended the first forum of Silk Road NGO Network (SIRONET), organized by CNIE,under the theme of "NGO’s Mission in Advancing the Belt and Road Initiative and Building a Community of Shared Future for Mankind".During the event, Chairman of the CSAF Board was elected member of the SIRONET International Steering Committee. Through this international mechanism, we expect to build good relationship and win-win cooperation with NGOs from countries along the Belt and Roadin oder to strengthen the roles of NGOs in promoting development cooperation, peace and shared prosperity.

高校体育教学具有自身的特色，与高校各个专业的人才培养目标不同，高校体育教学是以学生的身心健康全面发展为目标的，这也是高校体育教学的基本理念。大学生身心健康的培养对于大学生个人发展以及社会发展都是很重要的，但是很多高校并没有认识到这一点，而是将体育课作为必修课的任务来按照时间去规划完成[1]，因此加强对体育教学的重视是必须的，加强对体育教学的重视就要理清存在于其中的问题并进行改进，而进行有效的体育教学评价是发现问题的最好的方法，尤其是融入学生评价更是能够获得最直接的线索。

Cooperation with Local NGOs

CSAF has been actively conducting outreach activities to engage the NGOs across Cambodia,through dialogue forums between CSAF and NGOs, associations, trade unions and communitybased organizations across the 24 provinces and the capital city. This is to forge cooperation,partnership and synergy toward accelerating socioeconomic development, maintaining peace and promoting social harmony and prosperity. Only through empathetic dialogues that better mutual understanding and cooperation can be promoted among NGOs in Cambodia. Also, we have been conceiving cooperation projects with the member NGOs so as to respond to the real needs of the people.

现在的大豆行业虽然还是寒风瑟瑟，但国家政策的暖阳已让行业内企业感到了春天的气息，农垦改革、国企改革均为九三集团的健康发展提供了有利的政治环境和坚强的政策保障，面对历史最好的政策机遇期，九三集团将进一步深化改革，激发内生动力和发展活力，继续做强“九三食品”和“九三压榨”的“两大支柱板块”，做实“大农业、大仓储、大物流、大科技、大饲料、大养殖、大资本”的“七个辅助板块”，落地“大基地、大仓储、大物流、大规模、大研发、大市场、大品牌、大外贸、大资本、大文化”的“十大战略”，把九三集团建设成为布局全球、规模强大、地位领先、盈利超强、团队优秀、员工幸福、文化高尚的国际大粮商。

International Cooperation

In April 2018, a delegation from CSAF was invited to participate in the First Shanghai Cooperation Organization People's Forum under the theme“Promoting Regional Peace andCooperation and Building a Community of Shared Future for Mankind: The Role of NGOs”, held in Xi’an,Shaanxi province, China.

For instance, H.E.KemreathViseth, Chairman of the Board of CSAF led a delegation of Cambodian civil society organizations composed of NGOs,associations and trade unions to visit the People's Republic of China from November 16-24, 2017.The program included a working trip to Shenzhen,Guangdong Province, and the participation in the 1st Silk Road NGO Cooperation Network Forum in Beijing. In Shenzhen, the delegation participated in a seminar at Shenzhen University, under the theme"Lancang-Mekong International Elite Exchange Program". The delegation also participated in discussions with the Shenzhen NGO Federation,facilitated by the Shenzhen Foundation for International Exchange and Cooperation (SFIEC).

1) 试验时间及地点。试验于2016年4-9月在贵州省安顺市西秀区山京畜牧场烟草根结线虫病发病严重的连作烟地进行。土壤类型为黄砂壤，土壤肥力中等，烤烟种植品种为K326，2016年4月25日采用“井窖式”小苗移栽。

We also welcome cooperation with foreign friends,but only if Cambodia’s independence, sovereignty,territorial integrity as well as prevailing social norms, Constitution and laws are respected.

The dialogue forums represent one of the most extensive efforts ever made to provide effective communication and work mechanism for building mutual trust and cooperation between CSAF and civil society organizations with the participation of relevant competent authorities. They have effectively addressed many of the issues facing the authorities, NGOs and the people, and more such dialogues will continue in the years to come.

CSAF has been strengthening and expanding international cooperation with many foreign institutions and NGOs in the region and the world. Currently, CSAF is working closely with the China NGO Network for International Exchanges (CNIE), in accordance with the Memorandum of Understanding signed in 2017,to facilitate cooperation between Cambodian NGOs and Chinese NGOs in a range of activities from exchanges of visits and experience to implementation of concrete projects.

More importantly, many documents on cooperation projects were signed during the visit, covering such key areas as health, education, community development and poverty alleviation:

In turn, CNIE has organised trips for Chinese NGOs to visit the Kingdom of Cambodia. For instance, a delegation composed of a dozen of Chinese NGOs led by CNIE has recently visited Cambodia, May 8 - 12, 2018, during which friendly dialogues and mutual understanding were realised.

通过选择年度、机井、乡(镇)、村组分别反映单井、乡（镇）、村组各年度的每轮次配水与实际用水配水柱状图进行比较，分析各年度配水方案制定是否符合实际灌溉需要（见图5）。

CSAF sent 30 delegates from trade unions in Cambodia, at the invitation of the China Worker's Center for International Exchange (CWCIE), to participate in the China-Cambodia Workshop,which took place from April 22 to 29, 2018, in order to strengthen cooperation between trade unions of the two countries.

--Two Cooperation Agreements between CSAF and the Chinese Foundation for Peace and Development(CFPD) on the project of constructing 200 pump wells for the poor households in Bati and Borei Choulsa districts, Takeo province.

原料：肥鸡1只、无核李子脯125克、苹果3-4个、洋葱和胡萝卜各1个、生姜1小块、面粉2大勺、精盐和胡椒各适量

--Cooperation Framework Agreement between CSAF and Yu Panglin Charity Foundation for the implementation of Eye Care Project in Takeo Eye Care Hospital.

--Project Agreement between CSAF and Shenzhen Foundation for International Exchange and Cooperation (SFIEC) on “Mekong River Sunlight Villages” in Bati and Borei Choulsa districts, Takeo province.

In addition, CSAF has signed MOUs with many other Chinese foundations and organizations to lay a foundation for the implementation of practical projects in the future. Further, more development projects are expected to be expanded to other provinces and cities across Cambodia so as to provide relief for the poor in remote areas and improve their livelihood.

Overall, within the current cooperation framework and under the effective coordination of the CNIE and CSAF, the cooperation between Cambodian NGOs and Chinese NGOs has been very fruitful, not only through exchanges of visits and experiences, but also through the implementation of concrete projects. CSAF extends its sincere appreciation to the government and people of the People’s Republic of China, especially CNIE, for their generous support to CSAF and the Cambodian people at large. Such a generous gesture on the part of China does confirm its very philosophy and principle of peaceful co-existence and partnership-building in its relations with other countries, especially the developing countries,as her president, His Excellency Xi Jinping, ably put it, “China will uphold justice and friendship and pursue shared interests and boost pragmatic cooperation with other developing countries.” All this will further promote the true roles of NGOs,especially in Cambodia and China, in effectively contributing to peace and cooperation, poverty alleviation and shared prosperity at the national,regional and international levels, and ultimately to the building of a community of shared future for mankind.