The delegation of China Society for Human Rights Studies visited the UK and Greece from the 30th of June to the 7th of July. During their stay in the UK, the delegation visited the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, the Parliament,research institutes and think tanks, having indepth discussions on human rights issues with people from various circles. In Greece, the delegation visited the institutes of the European Public Law Organization (EPLO), Institute of International Economic Relations (IIER), new media and think tank “Macropolis” and the Greek National Commission on Human Rights, reaching broad consensus on human rights exchanges between China and Greece.

钢带式输送机在石子煤输送系统中的应用 …………………………………………………………………………… 王 芳（4/23）

This visit is an important move for the China Society for Human Rights to actively go out and carry out international exchanges and communications broadly. The delegation met with new friends and old ones; introduced our condition with broad horizon; analyzed issues from an academic perspective; gave responses to concerns with facts, data, and true stories.These actions effectively clarified misunderstandings, promoted trust, widely introduced China’s human rights achievements and views, displaying the good spirit of Chinese social organizations in the new era.

Comprehensively introducing China’s human rights development achievements and views

The delegation comprehensively presented the great achievement China has got in human rights development since 1987. The delegation pointed out that China has always insisted the human rights development thoughts putting people at the core, insisted on listing the right to live and the right to develop as primary human rights;integrated the universality principle of human rights with China’s reality; strengthened lawbased guarantee of human rights to promote the coordinated development of economic, social,cultural rights with citizen and political rights.As a result, China has found his own way of human rights development which suits its national situation.

First, Safeguarding human rights by the rule of law.The phrase of “respect and guarantee human rights” has been written in the Chinese Constitution as one of the basic principles. China insist on combining human rights protection with the comprehensive pushing forward of the rule of law. We have given high priority to the respect and protection of human rights in the construction of a socialist legal system, implementing the principle in all processes from scientific legislation, strict law enforcement, judicial justice, to cultivating law-abiding citizens. The legal fabric to guarantee human rights protection is upgraded.

Second, pushing forward the advancement of economic, social, and cultural rights. China has always prioritized the right to live and the right to develop, and focused on the guarantee and improvement of people’s livelihood. China has greatly advanced causes of economy, society, and culture, building the health care service system for both cities and rural areas. Moreover, through the realization of “the fastest large-scale poverty alleviation in human record”, Chinese people’s right to work is fully guaranteed, and they are enjoying the improving standard of the right to health. As China has built the largest social safety net, the levels of various rights have all been improved greatly.

Third, advancing the development of civil rights and political rights in a coordinated method. China noted that people’s right of livelihood and that of democracy are inseparable and interdependent.China have focused on the balanced and coordinated development of people’s civil rights and political rights with their economic, social,and cultural rights. The authority protects people’s right to know, to participate and to express;respects and protects their freedom of religious belief.

In Athens, Professor Fu Zitang, Vice President of the China Society for Human Rights Studies and head of delegation, pointed out that the guarantee of the right to vote is the biggest indicator for democratic level. China realized equality of voting between urban and rural areas in 2011.Among the 2980 deputies to the National People’s Congress newly elected in March 2018, a large proportion of the deputies are from common people, including workers and peasants.

Fourth, designing and issuing many documents on human rights policy. During the panel discussion with the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in the UK, the delegation introduced that China had issued more than 100 white papers since 1991,many of which are on human rights with some focusing on the human rights conditions in areas of Xinjiang and Tibet. Since 2009, China has consecutively drafted and implemented three editions of National Human Rights Action Plan,being one of the few countries to make such effort.

关键词共现分析是根据作者提供的关键词和系统补充关键词进行共词分析。通过共词分析，可显示某学科领域特定时期内的热点内容、主题分布和学科结构等。CiteSpace提供的共词分析方法有两种，一种是关键词共现分析，一种是主题共现分析。一般来说，两种分析的结果相差不大[9]196。本研究采用的是更常用的关键词共现分析。频次、中介中心性(betweenness centrality)和突发性是解读关键词的三个重要指标，综合提示研究热点、重要主题和研究前沿。

During their stay in the UK, experts in the delegation provided detailed answers for questions concerning the freedom of speech, civil rights, and political rights in China, based on their own study results.

医学英语翻译找那个通常使用长句，通过句法结构如介词短语，非谓语动词，从句从而展现医学英语翻译的客观性，逻辑性和严谨性。而汉语习惯使用短句子。因此，为了让译语读者能够获得与原语读者相同的反应，对于医学英语中那些长难句，就必须对复杂的分句所包含的语义进行信息重组，按照汉语的逻辑翻译。

Explaining specific practices of China in thefight against discrimination.

Sixth, guaranteeing the rights of the disabled.

根据重量法分析，本实验中乌拉尔甘草总黄酮粗提物的质量分数为3%，与文献中报道总黄酮的质量分数3.585%相比略微偏低[9]。采用外标法测得到所提甘草总黄酮中芹糖甘草苷、甘草苷、柚皮苷、甘草素、槲皮素、甘草查耳酮A和光甘草定的质量分数分别为27.06、19.43、1.65、2.51、0.21、13.85、23.27 mg/g，其中，甘草苷的量约为1.9%，而文献中报道的甘草单煎液中甘草苷的量为0.76%[14]，表明本实验提取方法可取，且经过萃取后黄酮类化合物得到了有效的富集。

无线传感器网络节点主要功能是采集茶园的二氧化碳浓度、空气温湿度、光照强度、土壤湿度等相关环境参数并实时上传至协调器。其工作流程如图5所示：

China has approved the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Disabled Persons, ensuring legal and regulatory protection of rights on employment, education, recovery,social security, and cultural rights and benefits,which has achieved remarkable effects.

体育教师在体育教学过程中固然重要，但是，素质教育从来都不只是学校教育的事，陶行知先生的教育格言“生活即教育、社会即学校”告诉我们教育要生活化，要从实践中去教育。其实实施素质教育，每一个学校、每一个课堂、每一个家庭、每一个人都可以从自身做起，从现在做起。在当今的社会大环境下，帮助学生培养其核心素养，让他们在体育活动中能够放松身心，劳逸结合，能够很好地适应社会的发展，基于体育核心素养的课程改革，一直在路上。

依据区域工业数据情况，选取“污水、二氧化硫、烟尘和固体废弃物”数据分析宁德市污染物吸纳地的生态足迹，从数据分析结果（表4）可以看出，污水足迹在逐年攀升，其中最大年份是2012年，当年污水排放量达到历史峰值；二氧化硫生态足迹最高值是2011年，最低值是2013年，整体趋势稳中向下；烟尘生态足迹近几年波动较大，最低值与最高值相差10.93，2010-2015年处于上升阶段，2016年有所降低；固体废弃物生态足迹相对较小，取值约为0.003左右，历年变化幅度不大。从污染物吸纳地生态足迹来看，宁德地区生态环境稳中向好，这与地方政府严格把控环境监管相关。

Second, anti-discrimination concerning different nationality. As a united country with multiple ethnic groups, China treats every ethnic group equally. Under the guidance of the nationality equality principle by the Constitution, China drew up the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy,and further announced and implemented the Several Regulations to optimize the former law.Ethnic autonomous regions can set up their own regulations in accordance with the law, and manage its economic, social, and cultural issues independently.

Fourth, guaranteeing the freedom of religious belief. The Constitution of China protects Chinese people’s freedom of religious belief. The country protects normal religious belief. Discrimination against religious and unreligious citizens is not allowed. In 2017, China revised the Regulation on Religious Affairs, clearly stressing that the Chinese citizens can not be coerced to believe in a religion or out of one. Currently, the religious population in China is around 200 million.

Third, anti-discrimination in education. The Constitution of China stated that Chinese citizens have equal access to education. China further drafted and enacted The Education Law and The Higher Education Law based on the principle of equality set by the constitution, ruling that all Chinese citizens enjoy equal access to education regardless of nationality, occupation, financial status, and religious belief. Currently, the gross enrollment rate of senior high-school in China has reached 87.5%, and the gross enrollment rate of higher education has reached 42.7%.

Fifth, gender equality and women development issues. China follows the constitutional principle of gender equality, has ensured various rights and interests of women. In 2016, women took up 43.1% of the total employed population. The growth of educated women and the dropping speed of illiteracy rate in women are both faster than that of men. Moreover, the number of women participating in political decision making and political governance is on the rise.

During the round table seminar organized by the Great Britain China Centre, the delegation introduced China’s specific practices and major achievements in the fight against discrimination for human rights protection from six aspects, in accordance with the themes set by the seminar.

First, anti-discrimination in employment.China has passed the Labor Law and the Employment Promotion Law, making detailed description on human rights protection in the field of employment, concerning issues of equal employment opportunity, getting payment, rest and vacation, receiving vocational skills training,enjoying social insurance and welfare, and appealing for labor dispute solution.

First, on the freedom of speech. Different culture has different interpretations of the freedom of speech. China has over 700 million internet users, and 1040 million “WeChat” users, who use their smart phones to browse videos, watch live streaming, and leave comments. In the mean time, China also has problem on internet speech,for instance, some live streaming has vulgar content which is harmful for children and teens.Even worse, there are also comments of hatred and discrimination on the internet. Without governmental regulation and management,this will be of great harm to the society. The realization of human rights is specific and historical, there is no freedom without restrictions,and the realization of various human rights would also be restricted by the objective conditions.

Dissolving doubts concerns by answering questions from relevant personnel of the two countries.

Five, actively participating in international human rights affairs. China has always regarded the common advancement of human rights of the whole world as its responsibility, thus China not only focused on the development of domestic human rights improvement, but also actively took part in international human rights affairs.The concept of “building a Community of Shared Future for Mankind” has been widely approved and accepted by organizations of UN and the international community at large. Set up in China, “Beijing Human Rights Forum”, “South-South Human Rights Forum”, and “China-Europe Seminar on Human Rights” have become important platforms for building understanding between China and the world.

According to Professor Zhou Wei, Director of Center for Human Right Law of Sichuan University,since 2012, the Chinese courts have ruled more than 150 anti-discrimination cases,concerning discrimination against HBV carriers,HIV sufferers, gender, sexual-orientation, and gene defect. Relevant authorities are drafting the law against discrimination in employment. The National Foundation for Philosophy and Social Science has funded dozens of research projects on anti-discrimination.

Second, on civil rights and political rights. On the protection of civil rights and political rights,China has made allocation and institutional arrangement in the three editions of the National Human Rights Action Plan, including them all in the constitutional framework. China and the UK have different historical backgrounds and different political and cultural realities. As a result, we have different understandings of human rights. Based on our national conditions, China stresses collective human rights, emphasizing the realization of civil rights and political rights along with economic, social, and cultural rights.China realizes human rights in a law-abiding,coordinated, and pragmatic method.

Third, on Human rights value of China and the UK and ideas on international human rights governance.

The delegation pointed out that China believes that civilizations should be colorful, equal, and inclusive. We advocate relativism and mutuallearning among different civilizations, insisting on the principle of seeking common grounds while reserving differences on the understanding of human rights. In the area of international human rights, China advocates dialogue over opposition and cooperation over sanction. China always tried to find the right balance between national interest and international interest. We stick to cooperation and win-win, combining benefit with doing the righteous thing. China seeks to advance the cause of human progress while realizing the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Human rights exchanges brought the two minds of China and Greece closer.

For years, China and Greece has maintained good bilateral relationship. Greece not only actively participated in the Belt and Road Initiative,but also showed understanding, respect, and acknowledgement for China’s human rights development. During the visit, all circles of Greece expressed their willingness to cooperate with China on people-to-people exchanges and running schools, showing sincere respect and admiration for the ancient civilization behind China.

ZHANG Jian-hua, SHEN Yi, HE Yu-qiong, HAN Ting, QIN Lu-ping, ZHANG Qiao-yan

President of the European Public Law Organization (EPLO) Prof.Spyridon Flogaitis told the delegation that China represents another ancient civilization, and they are honored to exchange with the Chinese delegation. Between China and Europe, there are both dialogue and competition, while strengthening exchanges and cooperation in law, human rights, and culture would undoubtedly be the best entry point.Mr.Tsardanidis, director of the Greek Institute for International Economics commented that both China and Greece have time-honored civilization,which has build a solid foundation for the two countries to exchange in the human rightsfield.

Mr.Tsardanidis, editor in chief of the independent Greek media Macropolis website commented after hearing the introduction of Chinese human rights condition by the delegation that the Greek media’s report on China mainly focused on economy and investment, mentioning little about human rights topics. In recent years, Greece experienced serious debt crisis, affecting people’s employment, income and healthcare. Social economic development and political ecology faced with great impact, the right to live and the right to develop became widely discussed topics. The introduction of China’s condition of the right to live and the right to develop by the delegation has inspired him much. He valued this introduction highly.