Deputies vote on constitutional amendment at the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress on March 11, 2018.

THE amendment to the Chinese Constitution passed in March by the National People’s Congress prepares China for the decisive stage of its journey in pursuing its goal of building a moderately prosperous society by 2020 and a great modern socialist country by 2050. These are ambitious goals that will require a concentrated effort by the Chinese government and people to achieve them.

Constitutional changes are necessary when a country wants to update essential normative guidelines of the legal system or to improve the organization of state institutions in order to adapt them to the new circumstances in the domestic and international spheres.

President Xi Jinping, since taking office, has gradually accumulated and shaped a set of ideas and implemented some coherent government actions.

与对其他文学类型的分析类似，符号学文艺批评家在进行诗歌研究时，也不过多的考虑诗歌作品产生的社会因素和历史背景，而是从具体诗歌作品出发。他们认为，既然诗也是一种语言信息，也是由“能指”和“所指”，即由表达形式和表达内容构成的。那么，对于诗的评论，就要从诗本身的表达平面和内容平面之间的关系、即诗的特定结构出发。这些符号学诗批评家运用现代语言学的研究成果所作出的主要工作是从诗的语言分析入手，在语言结构方面把诗与其他叙述性文字进行比较，找出它们之间的区别，也对不同流派的诗人作品进行比较，展示它们的异同。

通过绘制ROC曲线模型发现，Netrin-1联合Kim-1预测AKI风险的敏感度、特异度较高，利用COX回归性分析证实，两者均为新生儿窒息后AKI发生的独立危险因素，进一步提示两者与AKI发生密切相关。因此，通过对尿Netrin-1、Kim-1进行检测，能为预测窒息后AKI风险提供可靠性依据。有研究证实，AKI后上述两项指标呈正相关，且随着损伤程度加重，两者相关性越明显[20]，提示AKI患者尿液中Netrin-1、Kim-1表达存在密切关联。

层次分析法是国际关系研究的重要方法，肯尼迪·沃尔兹认为战争的爆发与决策者个人、国家和国际系统三个层次的因素相关［10］。进入 21世纪以来，随着中美实力差距的缩小，有关中美两国是否会陷入“修昔底德陷阱”的讨论日益增多。因此，笔者拟从体系层次、国家层次和个体层次三个层次对这一问题进行分析。

The oath of allegiance to the Constitution by all state officials when assuming office is another aspect of the reform that has an undeniable symbolic value in reinforcing the perception of the relevance of the rule of law in the Chinese governance system.

总之，技工学校要强化专业型技能人才培养的策略，适应我国新课程教学改革的局势，努力完善教学体系，结合办学条件最大程度的建设实训设备，促进学生理论知识与实际操作的有效结合，帮助学生端正学习态度，提高学生的学习积极性。学校以及教师也要积极地结合学生的实际来选择教材，创新教学模式，为社会培养更多的高水平专业人才。

The amendment also gives cities the legislative power to adopt local laws and regulations to broaden the instances of the legal system and creates conditions for legal norms to be able to re flect local needs and demands. The inclusion of “to direct and administer ecological advancement” as a new function of the State Council will in fluence the country’s development path and the Chinese law. Such a constitutional amendment is a re flection of the Chinese government’s commitment to international laws protecting the environment and fighting climate change.

Chinese law must follow this evolution of the nation’s economy, society, facts, and goals. In other words, it must create the normative conditions for the realization of the “Chinese dream.” Against this backdrop, the amendment to the Chinese Constitution seems to me, more than a natural consequence,but more of a necessity.

We can mention, for example, the legal status of the supervision commissions as a national organ.This measure will promote the supervision of civil servants on a large scale, and will facilitate the fight against corruption, promoting a greater transparency in state action and providing better legal security for citizens.

I closely followed the news from the Western media about the constitutional amendment in China. But, they preferred to focus on certain aspects of the reform. None of them underlined an essential fact: the change of the Chinese Constitution is a step towards the promotion of the rule of law.

At the international level, China is now the world’s second largest economy.By 2017, China contributed 30 percent of world economic growth – more than the U.S. At the domestic level, it is a more urban, more technologically advanced country, and the services sector contributes more than 50 percent of GDP. In short, China Today is very different from 40 years ago when Deng Xiaoping initiated the policy of reform and opening-up. It is a more complex, sophisticated, and developed country with great ambitions and foreign policy objectives such as the Belt and Road Initiative. Thus, more than seeking to adapt to the world – as was in the 1980s– China is now an active player all over the world,creating new realities and being a protagonist in the 21st century. Thus, the “new era” inaugurates a new stage in China’s history, with new challenges and new possibilities; and potentially, this new era can mean a new momentum for humankind’s future.

Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the CPC Central Committee has been implementing reforms to government institutions and functions and advancements in law-based governance, all in line with the four-pronged comprehensive strategy. Five years later, at the 19th CPC National Congress held in October last year, President Xi announced that“socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era.” This statement signi fies an important stage in the contemporary history of China.

And finally, it’s worth mentioning the amendment of Article 79 of the Constitution of removing a provision from the Constitution which states that the president shall not hold office for more than two consecutive terms. This constitutional amendment has to be interpreted in conjunction with the CPC’s leadership in China’s governance. This last amendment reinforces the idea that the Party leads the nation towards development goals. And from this perspective, a “centralized and uni fied leadership,”with President Xi at the core, is consistent with the Chinese governance model.

It makes sense. It seems to me that the main purpose of the modi fication is to ensure the continuity of government strategy and policies in this “new era.” And they are strategies and policies that require long-term implementation.

In a world full of uncertainty and Western leadership weakened by the economic crisis, corruption or other internal con flicts, a powerful and stable China can be a great advantage to the Chinese nation,and can also guarantee the stability of the international system in the first half of the 21st century. It is this overall understanding of social, political, and economic facts that one can have a more accurate understanding of the signi ficance of the Chinese Constitutional amendment.