RESPECTIVELY located in East Asia and the southernmost tip of Africa, China and South Africa, despite vast geographical distance between them, have witnessed increasingly close relations and fruitful cooperation since the establishment of their diplomatic relations in 1998.The two countries have increased their cooperation on international affairs via such platforms as the UN, the BRICS mechanism, G20, and the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC). While celebrating the 20th anniversary of bilateral diplomatic relations, China decided to convene the Beijing Summit of the FOCAC this year, responding to the widespread request of African countries, and South Africa will host the 10th BRICS Summit.

All these are providing new opportunities for the two countries to further boost their relations. Around this topic, China Today interviewed South African Ambassador to China Dolana Msimang and South Africa’s former Deputy Minister of International Relations and Cooperation Marius Fransman.

该两处滑坡为第四系崩坡积层碎石土，稍密，粉质粘土夹大量页岩碎块石，粒径为2～35cm，含量为50%～60%，碎石呈棱角、次棱角状。沙坡滑坡体后缘较浅，前缘较厚，碎石土厚度为1.6～18.5m；马桑弯斜坡体碎石土后缘较浅，前缘较厚，碎石土厚度为2.0～9.6m。

Twenty Years of Evolvement

After they established diplomatic relations, China and South Africa formed a partnership and set up a bi-national commission in 2000. The two sides later upgraded their relations to a strategic partnership in 2004, aiming for common development based on equality and mutual bene fit. In August 2010, during the state visit of then South African President Jacob Zuma,heads of state of China and South Africa signed the declaration on establishing a comprehensive strategic partnership between the two countries, thus lifting their bilateral relations to a new level. In March 2013,during President Xi Jinping’s state visit to South Africa,the two sides released a joint communiqué to further boost their comprehensive strategic partnership.

South African Ambassador to China Dolana Msimang.

Ambassador Msimang attributed the constant upgrading of bilateral relations to the increasing political trust between the two countries and their ever increasing and closer economic exchanges. “This happened over time. It came about because of the depth of our relationship. Our political relations have become stronger and stronger, and our economic relationship has grown stronger too. Our robust bilateral economic exchanges have boosted our countries’ economies. This strategic partnership came up with things that have allowed us to achieve more than we ever could have before.” Msimang further emphasized that the depth of bilateral political relationship has enabled the two sides to cooperate even better on global issues.

根据文献[11]，该算法是收敛性的，在群决策中应用该方法可辟免强制个体决策专家手工修改其意见。然而，在群体较大及一致性要求较高的情况下，以上方法迭代次数是非常大的，会导致进入一个非常耗时的或无限循环的一致性达成过程中。此外，根据文献[21]，该算法还存在一些其它不足，如在一致性过程结束后得到一致性群决策矩阵是由初始个体决策矩阵生成的。本文涉及的问题是如何有效自动管理大群客户偏好，辟免一致性过程进入非常耗时的循环并自动生成能反映大群一致性不断进化结果的一致性群决策矩阵。

When talking about the anniversary at a celebration event in January in Beijing, Ambassador Msimang said:“I think it’s very important. We celebrate it because first, we’re celebrating with our true friend. Our friend is a friend in need and a friend we’ll continue to need.Although it has only been 20 years, we have achieved a lot. We started our relationship when my country faced development difficulties. The Chinese people helped us overcome those difficulties.”

On the first day of 2018, President Xi exchanged congratulatory messages with then President Zuma to mark the 20th anniversary of the establishment of bilateral diplomatic ties.

China successfully hosted the Ninth BRICS Summit in Xiamen in 2017. South Africa will take over the baton to host the BRICS Summit this year. Msimang said South Africa would ensure continuity of the BRICS summit mechanism and make further progress with new initiatives. “South Africa is pleased with the progress made in BRICS. In particular we are delighted to see that the African Regional Centre (ARC) of the BRICS-initiated New Development Bank (NDB) was launched in Johannesburg recently. The ARC will serve as a catalytic institution to fast-track the African continental infrastructure development programs,” she told China Today.

Inexhaustible Impetus

China is South Africa’s biggest trade partner, and South Africa is China’s biggest trade partner and top investment and tourist destination in Africa. In 2016,bilateral trade volume reached US $35.344 billion, with Chinese export up to US $12.853 billion and import of US $22.491 billion, more than 20 times that in 1998 when the two countries started their diplomatic relations. China exports electric products, textile products,and metal wares to South Africa, and mainly imports mineral products.

Meanwhile, the two countries have seen their twoway investment consistently increase. At the end of 2016, the accumulated investment of China in South Africa exceeded US $13 billion, involving such fields as marine economy, mining, finance, manufacturing,and infrastructure; South Africa’s actual investment in China totaled US $660 million.

“I really want to thank the Chinese people. Had it not been for our robust bilateral relations, in particular the dynamic trade and economic exchanges, we would have had difficulties with economic issues,” South Africa’s former Deputy Minister of International Relations and Cooperation Marius Fransman told China Today. Fransman indicated that China’s development path set a great model for South Africa and other African countries.

The 19th CPC National Congress, convened in October 2017, has not only been of great signi ficance for China’s development, but also exerted far-flung influence on the international community. Ambassador Msimang said, “The outcome of the CPC national congress is very educating for us. I think it’s also very educating for the whole world. I read what people have commented and how people have followed what China was doing. I think this is closely associated with China’s opening-up policy. China’s opening-up has benefited the whole world, and China is sort of becoming a world leader. And so we all keep a close eye on the direction of China’s development.”

According to Ambassador Msimang, a number of South African companies cutting across a variety of sectors from financial services, energy, and logistics to food and beverages, media, and mining have invested in China. They include Anglo American, Hollard Insurance, LandPac, Naspers, Old Mutual, SASOL, Standard Bank, and First Rand, to name a few.

She continued, “As a government official, I have witnessed the development of bilateral trade and economic exchanges. As a citizen of South Africa, I think Chinese investment in the country is very important for us. We have seen the impressive progress China has made these years. Now China has become a major economy, and is going to be a world leader. So this serves as a great lesson for other countries to learn. If you follow these steps, maybe you’ll have a chance.”

1997年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者罗伯特·默顿最早提出“功能性监管”这一概念，它指的是按照经营业务的性质来划分监管对象的金融监管模式，如将金融业务划分为银行业务、证券业务和保险业务，监管机构针对业务进行监管，而不管从事这些业务经营的机构性质如何［4］。其优势在于监管的协调性高，发现问题能得到及时处理和解决；金融机构资产组合总体风险容易判断；可以避免重复和交叉监管现象的出现，为金融机构营造公平竞争的市场环境。

The past several years have seen bilateral economic and trade exchanges further heightened. In March 2014, CNR Dalian Locomotive & Rolling Stock Co., Ltd.(now renamed CRRC Dalian Co., Ltd.) signed a contract to supply 232 locomotives to the South African state rail company Transnet, China’s biggest single locomotive export contract with a total value of US $900 million. Hisense, a Chinese home appliance manufacturer,which has a factory in South Africa, has become a household brand there. China’s state-run banks like Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, China Construction Bank, and Bank of China have all run businesses or established offices in Johannesburg. Huawei set up Africa’s first Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Innovation and Experience Center in South Africa in July 2016, and planned to cultivate 1,000 talents for the country in this field in five years. The center also provides a technology incubation platform for local small and medium-sized enterprises and open laboratories for several local universities.

On December 3, 2015, the first day of President Xi’s visit to South Africa, the two heads of state witnessed the signing of 26 bilateral agreements and deals with the total value amounting to RMB 41.9 billion. During their talk, President Xi and President Zuma reached the consensus that the ocean economy, production capacity, energy, trade, and investment would be the priorities of cooperation in the future. The two sides also signed a memorandum of understanding on cooperation on the Belt and Road Initiative. Ambassador Msimang said,“The Belt and Road Initiative dovetails with South Africa’s New Development Plan (NDP) as well as Operation Phakisa, an initiative aimed at unlocking the potential of South Africa’s ocean economy.”

New Opportunities

On September 23, 2017, the opening day of the South African Embassy in Beijing, a captivating African dance performance is put on.

Regarding the fields attracting foreign investment in South Africa, Fransman said, “The ocean economy is a sector of great development potential in South Africa,and has already attracted a huge amount of strategic investment. We intend to push forward China-South Africa cooperation in the ocean economy field under the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative.”

The ambassador also showed her endorsement to Xi’s proposal on building a community with a shared future for mankind. “My impression is China seeks to build an international community with a bright future together with other countries. The emphasis is sharing the destiny, which means that decisions must be bene ficial to all. It has to be something that all of us agree on and look forward to. Therefore, if we share the same destiny, the world would become more integrated. This is really important when we have lots of disintegrations. It promises us a bright future,” she said.

The year 2018 features a range of multilateral and bilateral diplomatic activities in both China and South Africa. Responding to the wide call from African countries, China has decided to host a FOCAC summit this year. “I’m very happy that the seventh FOCAC ministerial gathering has upgraded into a summit. Because when you say it’s a summit, you have more expectations. The heads of state will attend, and we’re able to do a lot. The upgrading shows China’s seriousness on propelling the relationship between China and Africa.It also shows the importance and depth of Sino-Africa relations. I believe the summit is going to achieve a lot,”the ambassador said.

对于贫困生来说，贫困生档案是获取相关补助和奖学金的重要依据，为确保准确、无误、完整的留存贫困生档案，每年在固定时间都要建立新的贫困生档案，对已存的档案要进行核对，做相应的更改和调整。

Lakoff和Johnson(1980)确立了认知语言学的基本研究框架。该框架有以下五个研究主题：（1）语言研究必须同人的概念形成过程的研究联系。（2）词义的确立必须参照百科全书般的概念内容和人对这一内容的解释。（3）概念形成根植于普遍的躯体经验，特别是空间经验，制约了人对心理世界的隐喻性建构。（4）语言的方方面面都包含着范畴化，并以广义的原型理论为基础。（5）认知语言学并不把语言现象区分为音位、形态、词汇、句法和语用等不同的层次，而是寻求语言现象统一的解释。[2]

South Africa’s former Deputy Minister of International Relations and Cooperation Marius Fransman spoke highly of China’s fund injection into the NDB, which, in his view, has greatly contributed to the establishment and development of the bank. Fransman believes the NDB will help bring the infrastructure construction of its member countries to a new level. “What’s very important is that the NDB promotes the independent development of concerned countries in a sharing way,”he said.

Fransman believes the upcoming BRICS Summit will advance implementation of the existing cooperation projects, unveil new ones, and discuss challenges faced by member countries. He believes the summit will also lay out cooperation plans for the next 10 years of the BRICS mechanism.

13号线旅行速度提高后,可强化南山组团对北部外围光明新区组团的辐射。而对于东莞段跨境客流采用站站停的运营模式，是无法满足深莞1 h交通需求的，因此采用快慢车的组合方案，来保证东莞至深圳核心区(后海站—松山湖北站)的出行时间控制在1 h左右(见表3)，这样便可满足深圳市综合交通规划1 h的服务需求。通过该方案提升了南山核心区与石岩组团、光明组团、公明组团的交通出行效率，实现了公明广场站—后海站45 min出行时间的规划目标，并进一步增强了轨道交通竞争力和差异化服务。

Last April, Vice Premier Liu Yandong visited South Africa and started the China-South Africa High-Level People-to-People Exchange Mechanism (PPEM). Ambassador Msimang applauded the PPEM, “It helps lay a solid foundation for the two countries to further their exchanges in culture, education, health, sports, and tourism.” Late this year, Beijing will host the second conference of the PPEM.

The ambassador said, “Our relations have blossomed at all levels from trade and investment to education, science, culture, and media, and our political ties have become closer. Our solid ties not only provide a platform for South Africa to continue diplomatic engagement with one of our most important trade partners, but are also the key to broader engagement between our two countries, enabling the two sides to strengthen their relations on every front.” She looked forward to more fruitful results in bilateral cooperation in the future.