Farmers take to e-business to boost their sales of farm produce.

The Opinions on Implementing the Rural Vitalization Strategy released by the central government in February emphasizes that without modernization of agriculture and rural areas, the country’s comprehensive modernization will not be achieved. Hence, to solve the contradiction between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life, and to achieve common prosperity for everyone, it is imperative for the country to implement the rural vitalization strategy.

AS China’s reform and openingup drive steers into its fifth decade, the country released the Opinions on Implementing the Rural Vitalization Strategy, mapping out the policy blueprint for speeding up modernization of agriculture and rural areas in a socialist way with Chinese characteristics.

The Opinions called on the whole Party and all sectors of the country to advance the comprehensive upgrading of agriculture, progress of rural areas in all respects, and farmer’s development in an all-around way. The rural vitalization is not only about economic development, but also related to all other aspects of the countryside, involving political, cultural, social, and ecological progress.

According to the Opinions, by 2020,the institutional framework and policy system will take shape as the rural vitalization drive makes important headway;by 2035, modernization of agriculture and rural areas will fundamentally become a reality with decisive progress made; by 2050, rural areas should have strong agriculture, a beautiful environment, and well-off farmers, rural vitalization fully achieved.

Rural Changes

As China’s reform and opening-up drive kicked off four decades ago, economic system reform was also carried out in rural areas. Based on the collective ownership of land, household contract responsibility management was introduced in the countryside. The move of industry nurturing agriculture and cities supporting rural areas had brought about the rapid development of commerce, industry, and transportation in the countryside, and big changes happened in rural areas.

As farmers swarmed into cities to find jobs, their contracted land was underutilized. However, the country has not taken back farmers’ land contract right, but instead extended the term of their contracts, encouraging them to transfer the management right of land.Thus farmers become shareholders and agricultural workers.

挑取鲁氏酵母冻干粉进行活化，将100 mL灭菌YPD液体培养基在无菌工作台中倒入菌粉，放入全温振荡器中，28 ℃、180 r/min条件下培养，培养3天。将5 mL已活化的菌液加入100 mL培养基中，放入全温振荡培养箱中，28 ℃、180 r/min，培养30 h。

China’s Rural Development Report 2017, released by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, lists those drastic changes that have occurred in China’s rural economy and society in recent years: the narrowing regional disparity,the orderly advancement of collective property right system reform, diversification of entrepreneurs, emergence of new industry, business activities and models, rapid development of the rural land transfer market, substantial development of new and innovative rural financial institutions, village rules and conventions to regulate rural public affairs playing a positive role in maintaining rural social order and implementing national policies, and huge achievements made in the rural medical care and social security areas.

Spearheaded by Li’s golden pineapple base, Hainan’s golden pineapple industrial cluster has been formed with standardized plantations. An industrial chain featuring high quality and sustainable development is taking shape. Li’s golden pineapple base hires more than 1,000 workers for plantation.

All these have laid a foundation for the formulation and implementation of the rural vitalization plan.

A组患者死亡1例（8.33%），B组患者死亡6例（26.09%），C组患者死亡5例（46.15%），三组患者的死亡率与急诊门诊留置时间呈正相关；差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。

Practices in Agricultural Modernization

Dongwangzhuang Village in Xigang Town of Shandong’s Tengzhou City has not been endowed with good farming conditions. Many local farmers have chosen to become migrant workers,leaving their farmland unattended. To boost local agricultural development,Tengzhou Supply and Marketing Cooperative decided to introduce a shareholding land trusteeship model: local farmers became shareholders with their land of 70 hectares, Xigang Farmers’ Service Center contributed RMB 420,000 to the stake pool, and the village collective joined the shareholding scheme with the non-contracted village land, the newly-reclaimed land, and farming facilities. Apart from the minimum guarantee dividend RMB 900-1,000 per mu(1/15 hectare), farmers can also earn dividends from earnings. As of now, the village has consigned all its land to the trustee for management, which brings an annual income increase of RMB 100,000 to the village collective, and a revenue growth of RMB 2.36 million to farmers.

With 203 households now participating, the Xintiandi Cooperative has mobilized 12,000 farm households in its neighboring seven towns and townships to plant new species of wheat and corn with yearly output more than 50 million kg.

Rural areas across the country are exploring ways to propel rural development. In 2011, 18 farming dab hands of Houhou Village in Xingyang City of Henan Province set up the Xintiandi Plantation Specialized Cooperative,and established plants of agricultural production in 50 villages of Xingyang City, providing local farmers a whole package of socialized services involving the whole process of grain production.The cooperative also has cooperation with more than 30 mills, 20 feed factories, and Henan Wanxi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., ensuring the timely purchase of farmers’ grain harvests.

Now, Li is trying to connect his plantation base with the nearby expressway,a move to improve the overall facility of the base and promote its development. In addition, he also plans to set up a pineapple deep processing plant so as to advance the vertical integration of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in the pineapple business of Hainan’s Ledong County, along with increasing pro fits of agricultural products.

To develop rural areas, agriculture holds the key. Therefore, boosting agriculture and bringing the benefits to farmers has topped the agenda of rural vitalization. Efforts should be made to cultivate robust industries, which then can prop up the rural vitalization program. Households and farmers’ cooperatives, together with new business operators like leading agricultural enterprises,can play a major role in promoting industrial development.

现采用三维反求技术进行建模并结合3D打印技术研制待修复复杂曲面，其原理如图1所示。首先对待修复的复杂曲面通过数据采集运算单元进行高精度提取，其次通过优化算法计算曲面边缘不宜测量的数据，从而得到完整零件的原始曲面模型数据以及不规则的待修复曲面模型数据，最终将此提取表面输入到3D打印机中，直接打印成型预修复零件的破损部位。然后通过精密抛光或光整加工将3D打印所取得的零件曲面进行后处理，得到超精密曲面，最后通过粘结技术将该修复曲面粘结到缺损零件的缺损部位中。

Now, Tengzhou’s practice has been promoted in many agricultural provinces, boosting agricultural yields, farmers’income, and the cooperative’s earning.

此前，所有的改革理念和措施都是针对经营层与国有资产管理层的，而“破三铁”第一次针对普通职工，解除了企业与工人的“终身劳动契约”，大家突然意识到，国有企业不再是“永远的保姆”和“不沉的大船”。而政企不分、经营机制不活和历史包袱沉重，是国有企业改革之难的主要症结。

The Role of Science and Technology

Traditional agricultural products can only earn farmers little profits.Therefore, raising the value added of agricultural produce via science and technology becomes an important way to increase farmers’ income.

General Manager of Hainan Wanzhong Co., Ltd. Li Yusheng has been in the agricultural field for 21 years. Aware of the fact that above 95 percent of pineapples planted in China were the Bali species eight years ago, Li decided to develop a more profitable variety.After years of efforts, Li’s team, by coop-erating with colleges, has developed a whole set of “golden pineapple” planting techniques covering all cultivation steps from irrigation, fertilizing, to seedling nursing.

浙江绍兴图书馆和泸西县图书馆，推出微信抽奖平台，将“图书馆活动”、“读者读书”、“图书馆微信粉丝”等与“抽奖”紧密相连，一方面帮助图书馆增加微信公众账号粉丝量，另一方面提升图书馆活动的参与率，增强与读者之间的互动。微信抽奖平台一经推出就受到的广大读者的喜爱与认可，并且赢得了读者、文广局领导的赞赏。图书馆可将该平台融入到4.23世界读书日活动中，将传统落后的“摸奖箱”摒弃，采用新型的互联网方式进行抽奖，更符合当下读者的口味，也更能体现图书馆的先进性。

材料力学[1-2]是固体力学的一个分支，与弹性力学[3]相比，研究的构件局限在杆件这一相对简单的形式上，包括在载荷或温度变化作用下杆件的强度、刚度和稳定性问题。材料力学是一门重要的技术基础课，包括机械、土木、水利和交通等专业的学生都要求必须修读。虽然大部分学生在中小学就学习了牛顿力学的基本常识，但是一般直到开始学习材料力学，才开始接触力学中最重要的一些概念，比如应力和应变等。由于材料力学本身内容繁杂，概念抽象，对数学工具的应用要求较高，再加上力学课程的课时安排在很多高校中并不充裕，在实际的教学实践中发现相当多的学生对这门课的掌握并不理想。

“To give a boon to the pineapple industry, it’s necessary to go beyond the boundary of agriculture, realizing the integrative development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries. This will make farming more lucrative, ensure the steady increase of farmers’ income, enhance the cohesion of rural grass-roots organizations, and turn the countryside into a beautiful place, thus achieving rural modernization in the new era,”said Kong Xiangzhi, a professor with the School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development under Renmin University of China.

Industry Nurturing Agriculture

Modern agriculture inevitably features the integrative development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries. Modernized rural areas will also undoubtedly witness coordinated urban-rural development. Under China’s former urban-rural dual structure rural areas and farmers contributed greatly to the country’s urban development. Now it’s time for cities to fuel rural development.

A worker screens the disquali fied seedlings of dendrobium of ficinale (a species of orchid, often used in traditional Chinese medicine) at the tissue culture plant of Dongbei Village in Xinghua City of Jiangsu Province on December 22, 2017.

Renlaotun Village of Shandong Province’s Dongming County has a weak industrial base. However, in recent years,the influence of China’s e-commerce platform taobao.com has gradually penetrated into the area, and boosted local online business. In 2015, local farmer Zhu Yongjin first sold online decorative paintings made by himself, which won favor of multitudinous clients owing to their strong local flavors. Then Zhu began to sell a range of products including local brocades, paper cuttings, and farm products online. He became the first e-business dabbler of the village.As his online shop saw increasing orders and rising sales volumes, in 2016,Zhu established the Dongming County Ali E-business Co., Ltd., the e-business service center of Dongmingji Town, and the express service center of the town.As of now, farmers of Renlaotun Village have opened 72 online shops with 150 persons involved in the e-business and the annual sales summing up to RMB 20 million.

“In exploring the development path of modern agriculture, we should pay attention to the following aspects:improving the technological content of agriculture, in particular about incubation and innovation of plantation techniques; enhancing the development of smart agriculture; advancing close combination of agriculture and modern finance,” Party Secretary of Anhui Agricultural University Jiang Chun pointed out.

“The proposal of rural vitalization aims to narrow the urban-rural development gap and ameliorate the current situation that the progress of agricultural modernization lags behind that of the country’s industrialization,informatization, and urbanization,”Chairman of China Well-off Society Association Wang Julu remarked. “Modern agricultural development will inevitably promote the integrative urban-rural development and integration of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries,” Wang added.